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Modern scientific advancements often contribute to the introduction and refinement of never-before-seen technologies. This can be quite the task for humans to maintain and monitor and as a result, our society has become reliant on machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Sam Strecker , Rushit Dave , Nyle Siddiqui , Naeem Seliya

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in critical services and everyday products, it is increasingly exposed to security threats which traditional cyber defenses were not designed to handle. In this paper, we investigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natalia Krawczyk , Mateusz Szczepkowski , Adrian Brodzik , Krzysztof Bocianiak

The growing adoption of IoT and cloud computing, combined with rapid advancements in digital technologies, has considerably increased the cyber-attack surface, resulting in increasingly complex and persistent attacks. Traditional security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Muhammad Umair Basharat , Jawad Hussain , Waqas Khalid , Chiew Foong Kwong

IoT devices particularly microcontrollers are challenged by their inherent limitations in processing capabilities, memory capacity, and energy conservation. Securing communication within IoT networks is further complicated by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vasilis Ieropoulos , Eirini Anthi , Theodoros Spyridopoulos , Pete Burnap , Aftab Khan , Pietro Carnelli

The Internet as we know it Today, comprises several fundamental interrelated networks, among which is the Internet of Things (IoT). Despite their versatility, several IoT devices are vulnerable from a security perspective, which renders…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Zainab Al-Othman , Mouhammd Alkasassbeh , Sherenaz AL-Haj Baddar

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their complexity and stealthiness. To mitigate such attacks, many approaches model entities and their relationship using provenance graphs to detect the stealthy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Wei Qiao , Weiheng Wu , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu

Past Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks on Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), such as the 2016 Ukrainian power grid attack and the 2017 Saudi petrochemical plant attack, have shown the disruptive effects of APT campaigns while new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ayush Kumar , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are highly sophisticated and employ a multitude of advanced methods and techniques to target organizations and steal sensitive and confidential information. APT attacks consist of multiple stages and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Huynh Thai Thi , Ngo Duc Hoang Son , Phan The Duy , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Khoa Ngo-Khanh , Van-Hau Pham

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks severely threaten Internet of Things (IoT) networks by allowing attackers to intercept, modify, or block communications. Traditional detection methods are insufficient due to high false…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Taimoor Ahmad , Anas Ali

Security risk assessment and prediction are critical for organisations deploying Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An absolute minimum requirement for enterprises is to verify the security risk of IoT devices for the reported…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Carlos A. Rivera Alvarez , Arash Shaghaghi , David D. Nguyen , Salil S. Kanhere

The expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased the attack surface of networks, necessitating a robust and adaptive intrusion detection systems. Machine learning based systems have been considered promising in enhancing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Muaan Ur Rehman , Hayretdin Bahsi , Rajesh Kalakoti

Adversarial attacks have been widely studied in the field of computer vision but their impact on network security applications remains an area of open research. As IoT, 5G and AI continue to converge to realize the promise of the fourth…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Olakunle Ibitoye , Omair Shafiq , Ashraf Matrawy

APT, known as Advanced Persistent Threat, is a difficult challenge for cyber defence. These threats make many traditional defences ineffective as the vulnerabilities exploited by these threats are insiders who have access to and are within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Mohammad Mamun , Kevin Shi

During the last two decades, distributed energy systems, especially renewable energy sources (RES), have become more economically viable with increasing market share and penetration levels on power systems. In addition to decarbonization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-21 Umit Cali , Murat Kuzlu , Vinayak Sharma , Manisa Pipattanasomporn , Ferhat Ozgur Catak

The rise of advanced persistent threats (APTs) has marked a significant cybersecurity challenge, characterized by sophisticated orchestration, stealthy execution, extended persistence, and targeting valuable assets across diverse sectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuntao Wang , Han Liu , Zhendong Li , Zhou Su , Jiliang Li

The current amount of IoT devices and their limitations has come to serve as a motivation for malicious entities to take advantage of such devices and use them for their own gain. To protect against cyberattacks in IoT devices, Machine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Vitalina Holubenko , Paulo Silva , Carlos Bento

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the emergence of substantial security concerns, with IoT networks becoming the primary target for cyberattacks. This study examines the potential of Kolmogorov-Arnold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Natalia Emelianova , Carlos Kamienski , Ronaldo C. Prati

Provenance-based Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDSes) have been widely used to detect Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Although many studies achieve high performance in the evaluations of their original papers, their performance in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yue Xiao , Ling Jiang , Sen Nie , Ding Li , Shi Wu , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Internet of Things (IoT) is a whole new ecosystem comprised of heterogeneous connected devices -i.e. computers, laptops, smart-phones and tablets as well as embedded devices and sensors-that communicate to deliver capabilities making our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis , Emanuele Bellini

The widespread integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across all facets of life has ushered in an era of interconnectedness, creating new avenues for cybersecurity challenges and underscoring the need for robust intrusion detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Yasir Ali Farrukh , Syed Wali , Irfan Khan , Nathaniel D. Bastian