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The domain name system (DNS) that maps alphabetic names to numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses plays a foundational role for Internet communications. By default, DNS queries and responses are exchanged in unencrypted plaintext, and…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is central to all Internet user activity, resolving accessed domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. As a result, curious DNS resolvers can learn everything about Internet users' interests. Public…
Unencrypted DNS traffic between users and DNS resolvers can lead to privacy and security concerns. In response to these privacy risks, many browser vendors have deployed DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) to encrypt queries between users and DNS…
The domain name system (DNS) is an important protocol in today's Internet operation, and is the standard naming convention between domain names, names that are easy to read, understand, and remember by humans, to IP address of Internet…
As Internet users have become more savvy about the potential for their Internet communication to be observed, the use of network traffic encryption technologies (e.g., HTTPS/TLS) is on the rise. However, even when encryption is enabled,…
Virtually every connection to an Internet service is preceded by a DNS lookup which is performed without any traffic-level protection, thus enabling manipulation, redirection, surveillance, and censorship. To address these issues, large…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the foundation of a human-usable Internet, responding to client queries for host-names with corresponding IP addresses and records. Traditional DNS is also unencrypted, and leaks user information to network…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is both a key determinant of users' quality of experience (QoE) and privy to their tastes, preferences, and even the devices they own. Growing concern about user privacy and QoE has brought a number of…
Privacy leaks are an unfortunate and an integral part of the current Internet domain name resolution. Each DNS query generated by a user reveals -- to one or more DNS servers -- the origin and target of that query. Over time, a user's…
Virtually every Internet communication typically involves a Domain Name System (DNS) lookup for the destination server that the client wants to communicate with. Operators of DNS recursive resolvers---the machines that receive a client's…
DNS, one of the fundamental protocols of the TCP/IP stack, has evolved over the years to protect against threats and attacks. This study examines the risks associated with DNS and explores recent advancements that contribute towards making…
Emerging protocols such as DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) and DNS-over-TLS (DoT) improve the privacy of DNS queries and responses. While this trend towards encryption is positive, deployment of these protocols has in some cases resulted in further…
In this paper, we study the performance of encrypted DNS protocols and conventional DNS from thousands of home networks in the United States, over one month in 2020. We perform these measurements from the homes of 2,693 participating…
Over the last decade, Web traffic has significantly shifted towards HTTPS due to an increased awareness for privacy. However, DNS traffic is still largely unencrypted, which allows user profiles to be derived from plaintext DNS queries.…
The domain name system (DNS) is one of the most important components of today's Internet, and is the standard naming convention between human-readable domain names and machine-routable IP addresses of Internet resources. However, due to the…
Centralized DNS over HTTPS/TLS (DoH/DoT) resolution, which has started being deployed by major hosting providers and web browsers, has sparked controversy among Internet activists and privacy advocates due to several privacy concerns. This…
Although the security benefits of domain name encryption technologies such as DNS over TLS (DoT), DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) are clear, their positive impact on user privacy is weakened by--the still exposed--IP…
Confidential services running in hardware-protected Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) can provide higher security assurance, but this requires custom clients and protocols to distribute, update, and verify their attestation evidence.…
Domain name system communication may provide sensitive information on users' Internet activity. DNS-over-TLS and DNS-over-HTTPS are proposals aiming at increasing the privacy of Internet end users. In this paper we present an overview of…
Today, Internet offers many critical applications. So, it becomes very crucial for Internet service providers to ensure traceability of operations and to secure data exchange. Since all these communications are based on the use of the…