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Related papers: Visualizing the (Causal) Effect of a Continuous Va…

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A further understanding of cause and effect within observational data is critical across many domains, such as economics, health care, public policy, web mining, online advertising, and marketing campaigns. Although significant advances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhixuan Chu , Sheng Li

Consider the case where cause-effect relationships between variables can be described as a directed acyclic graph and the corresponding linear structural equation model. This paper provides graphical identifiability criteria for total…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-07-09 Manabu Kuroki , Zhihong Cai , Hiroki Motogaito

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

Observational studies of treatment effects require adjustment for confounding variables. However, causal inference methods typically cannot deliver perfect adjustment on all measured baseline variables, and there is often ambiguity about…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-16 Lauren D. Liao , Yeyi Zhu , Amanda L. Ngo , Rana F. Chehab , Samuel D. Pimentel

Scoring systems are highly interpretable and widely used to evaluate time-to-event outcomes in healthcare research. However, existing time-to-event scores are predominantly created ad-hoc using a few manually selected variables based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Feng Xie , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Benjamin Alan Goldstein , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu , Bibhas Chakraborty

When dealing with time series data, causal inference methods often employ structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) processes to model time-evolving random systems. In this work, we rephrase recursive SVAR processes with possible latent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Nicolas-Domenic Reiter , Andreas Gerhardus , Jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

Given an extensive, semi-infinite collection of multivariate coevolving data sequences (e.g., sensor/web activity streams) whose observations influence each other, how can we discover the time-changing cause-and-effect relationships in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Naoki Chihara , Yasuko Matsubara , Ren Fujiwara , Yasushi Sakurai

Covariate adjustment aims to improve the statistical efficiency of randomized trials by incorporating information from baseline covariates. Popular methods for covariate adjustment include analysis of covariance for continuous endpoints and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-09 Zhiwei Zhang , Ya Wang , Dong Xi

The purpose of many health studies is to estimate the effect of an exposure on an outcome. It is not always ethical to assign an exposure to individuals in randomised controlled trials, instead observational data and appropriate study…

In many fields of scientific research and real-world applications, unbiased estimation of causal effects from non-experimental data is crucial for understanding the mechanism underlying the data and for decision-making on effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Thuc Duy Le

Predicting extreme events in nonlinear dynamical systems is challenging due to a limited understanding of their statistical properties. This study numerically and theoretically investigates the statistical properties of infinite-modal maps…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-07 Masaki Nakagawa

We consider a a collection of categorical random variables. Of special interest is the causal effect on an outcome variable following an intervention on another variable. Conditionally on a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), we assume that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-29 Federico Castelletti , Guido Consonni , Marco Luigi Della Vedova

We assume that we have observational data generated from an unknown underlying directed acyclic graph (DAG) model. A DAG is typically not identifiable from observational data, but it is possible to consistently estimate the equivalence…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-02 Marloes H. Maathuis , Markus Kalisch , Peter Bühlmann

In the field of cardio-thoracic surgery, valve function is monitored over time after surgery. The motivation for our research comes from a study which includes patients who received a human tissue valve in the aortic position. These…

In the absence of data from a randomized trial, researchers often aim to use observational data to draw causal inference about the effect of a treatment on a time-to-event outcome. In this context, interest often focuses on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-15 Ted Westling , Alex Luedtke , Peter Gilbert , Marco Carone

What is the ideal regression (if any) for estimating average causal effects? We study this question in the setting of discrete covariates, deriving expressions for the finite-sample variance of various stratification estimators. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 P. Richard Hahn , Andrew Herren

Selection bias is a major obstacle toward valid causal inference in epidemiology. Over the past decade, several graphical rules based on causal diagrams have been proposed as the sufficient identification conditions for addressing selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-18 Yichi Zhang , Haidong Lu

The pseudo-observations approach has been gaining popularity as a method to estimate covariate effects on censored survival data. It is used regularly to estimate covariate effects on quantities such as survival probabilities, restricted…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-06 Yael Travis-Lumer , Micha Mandel , Rebecca A. Betensky

A fundamental challenge in the empirical sciences involves uncovering causal structure through observation and experimentation. Causal discovery entails linking the conditional independence (CI) invariances in observational data to their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Zihan Zhou , Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Murat Kocaoglu

In survival analysis, longitudinal information on the health status of a patient can be used to dynamically update the predicted probability that a patient will experience an event of interest. Traditional approaches to dynamic prediction…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-16 Mirko Signorelli