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In this paper, we study the quantitative convergence of shallow neural networks trained via gradient descent to their associated Gaussian processes in the infinite-width limit. While previous work has established qualitative convergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Eloy Mosig , Andrea Agazzi , Dario Trevisan

For Bayesian optimization (BO) on high-dimensional data with complex structure, neural network-based kernels for Gaussian processes (GPs) have been used to learn flexible surrogate functions by the high representation power of deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Tomoharu Iwata

Bayesian optimization with Gaussian process as surrogate model has been successfully applied to analog circuit synthesis. In the traditional Gaussian process regression model, the kernel functions are defined explicitly. The computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Shuhan Zhang , Wenlong Lyu , Fan Yang , Changhao Yan , Dian Zhou , Xuan Zeng

Gaussian processes (GPs) are flexible non-parametric models, with a capacity that grows with the available data. However, computational constraints with standard inference procedures have limited exact GPs to problems with fewer than about…

We study wide Bayesian neural networks focusing on the rare but statistically dominant fluctuations that govern posterior concentration, beyond Gaussian-process limits. Large-deviation theory provides explicit variational objectives-rate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Katerina Papagiannouli , Dario Trevisan , Giuseppe Pio Zitto

We undertake Bayesian learning of the high-dimensional functional relationship between a system parameter vector and an observable, that is in general tensor-valued. The ultimate aim is Bayesian inverse prediction of the system parameters,…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-17 Kangrui Wang , Dalia Chakrabarty

We give a proof that, under relatively mild conditions, fully-connected feed-forward deep random neural networks converge to a Gaussian mixture distribution as only the width of the last hidden layer goes to infinity. We conducted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-27 Yasuhiko Asao , Ryotaro Sakamoto , Shiro Takagi

It is well known that artificial neural networks initialized from independent and identically distributed priors converge to Gaussian processes in the limit of a large number of neurons per hidden layer. In this work we prove an analogous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Diego García-Martín , Martin Larocca , M. Cerezo

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide flexible distributions over functions, with inductive biases controlled by a kernel. However, in many applications Gaussian processes can struggle with even moderate input dimensionality. Learning a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Ian A. Delbridge , David S. Bindel , Andrew Gordon Wilson

This paper presents an efficient and robust approach for reducing the size of deep neural networks by pruning entire neurons. It exploits maxout units for combining neurons into more complex convex functions and it makes use of a local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Fernando Moya Rueda , Rene Grzeszick , Gernot A. Fink

In many real-world applications we are interested in approximating costly functions that are analytically unknown, e.g. complex computer codes. An emulator provides a fast approximation of such functions relying on a limited number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-02 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Marc Goodfellow , Daniel Williamson

The Gaussian-radial-basis function neural network (GRBFNN) has been a popular choice for interpolation and classification. However, it is computationally intensive when the dimension of the input vector is high. To address this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Siyuan Xing , Jianqiao Sun

We introduce new Gaussian Process (GP) high-order approximations to linear operations that are frequently used in various numerical methods. Our method employs the kernel-based GP regression modeling, a non-parametric Bayesian approach to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Christopher DeGrendele , Dongwook Lee

Convergence of deep neural networks as the depth of the networks tends to infinity is fundamental in building the mathematical foundation for deep learning. In a previous study, we investigated this question for deep ReLU networks with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

Although Gaussian processes (GPs) with deep kernels have been successfully used for meta-learning in regression tasks, its uncertainty estimation performance can be poor. We propose a meta-learning method for calibrating deep kernel GPs for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-14 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

A neural network (NN) is a parameterised function that can be tuned via gradient descent to approximate a labelled collection of data with high precision. A Gaussian process (GP), on the other hand, is a probabilistic model that defines a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Marta Garnelo , Jonathan Schwarz , Dan Rosenbaum , Fabio Viola , Danilo J. Rezende , S. M. Ali Eslami , Yee Whye Teh

These lecture notes develop the theory of learning in deep and recurrent neuronal networks from the point of view of Bayesian inference. The aim is to enable the reader to understand typical computations found in the literature in this…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-16 Moritz Helias , Javed Lindner , Lars Schutzeichel , Zohar Ringel

Past decades have witnessed a great interest in the distinction and connection between neural network learning and kernel learning. Recent advancements have made theoretical progress in connecting infinite-wide neural networks and Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shao-Qun Zhang , Zong-Yi Chen , Yong-Ming Tian , Xun Lu

A seminal work [Jacot et al., 2018] demonstrated that training a neural network under specific parameterization is equivalent to performing a particular kernel method as width goes to infinity. This equivalence opened a promising direction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Eugene Golikov , Eduard Pokonechnyy , Vladimir Korviakov

Recent advances in Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) show the potential to have more expressive representation than that of traditional Gaussian Processes (GPs). However, there exists a pathology of deep Gaussian processes that their learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Anh Tong , Jaesik Choi