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Masked autoencoders (MAEs) represent a prominent self-supervised learning paradigm in computer vision. Despite their empirical success, the underlying mechanisms of MAEs remain insufficiently understood. Recent studies have attempted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tao Huang , Yanxiang Ma , Shan You , Chang Xu

Deep supervision, which involves extra supervisions to the intermediate features of a neural network, was widely used in image classification in the early deep learning era since it significantly reduces the training difficulty and eases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Sucheng Ren , Fangyun Wei , Samuel Albanie , Zheng Zhang , Han Hu

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has garnered significant attention in self-supervised learning, thanks to its impressive capacity to learn scalable visual representations tailored for downstream tasks. However, images inherently contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Wenzhao Xiang , Chang Liu , Hongyang Yu , Xilin Chen

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) is a technique in self-supervised learning that focuses on acquiring detailed visual representations from unlabeled images by estimating the missing pixels in randomly masked sections. It has proven to be a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Chae Jung Park

Understanding whether self-supervised learning methods can scale with unlimited data is crucial for training large-scale models. In this work, we conduct an empirical study on the scaling capability of masked image modeling (MIM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Cheng-Ze Lu , Xiaojie Jin , Qibin Hou , Jun Hao Liew , Ming-Ming Cheng , Jiashi Feng

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has emerged as a powerful self-supervised learning paradigm for visual representation learning, enabling models to acquire rich visual representations by predicting masked portions of images from their visible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jinhong Lin , Cheng-En Wu , Huanran Li , Jifan Zhang , Yu Hen Hu , Pedro Morgado

An important goal of self-supervised learning is to enable model pre-training to benefit from almost unlimited data. However, one method that has recently become popular, namely masked image modeling (MIM), is suspected to be unable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Zhenda Xie , Zheng Zhang , Yue Cao , Yutong Lin , Yixuan Wei , Qi Dai , Han Hu

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has achieved promising progress with the advent of Masked Autoencoders (MAE) and BEiT. However, subsequent works have complicated the framework with new auxiliary tasks or extra pre-trained models, inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Yuan Liu , Songyang Zhang , Jiacheng Chen , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin

Inspired by the masked language modeling (MLM) in natural language processing tasks, the masked image modeling (MIM) has been recognized as a strong self-supervised pre-training method in computer vision. However, the high random mask ratio…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhaowen Li , Yousong Zhu , Zhiyang Chen , Wei Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Rui Zhao , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) based on a reconstruction task have risen to be a promising paradigm for self-supervised learning (SSL) and achieve state-of-the-art performance across different benchmark datasets. However, despite its impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Qi Zhang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has recently been established as a potent pre-training paradigm. A pretext task is constructed by masking patches in an input image, and this masked content is then predicted by a neural network using visible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Philippe Weinzaepfel , Vincent Leroy , Thomas Lucas , Romain Brégier , Yohann Cabon , Vaibhav Arora , Leonid Antsfeld , Boris Chidlovskii , Gabriela Csurka , Jérôme Revaud

Masked image modeling (MIM) has been recognized as a strong self-supervised pre-training approach in the vision domain. However, the mechanism and properties of the learned representations by such a scheme, as well as how to further enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Kevin Zhang , Zhiqiang Shen

Object detection in remote sensing imagery plays a vital role in various Earth observation applications. However, unlike object detection in natural scene images, this task is particularly challenging due to the abundance of small, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Minh-Duc Vu , Zuheng Ming , Fangchen Feng , Bissmella Bahaduri , Anissa Mokraoui

The recent progress in self-supervised learning has successfully combined Masked Image Modeling (MIM) with Siamese Networks, harnessing the strengths of both methodologies. Nonetheless, certain challenges persist when integrating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kirill Vishniakov , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

In view of the fact that semi- and self-supervised learning share a fundamental principle, effectively modeling knowledge from unlabeled data, various semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods have integrated representative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yangyang Li , Xuanting Hao , Ronghua Shang , Licheng Jiao

Masked Autoencoders (MAE) have been prevailing paradigms for large-scale vision representation pre-training. By reconstructing masked image patches from a small portion of visible image regions, MAE forces the model to infer semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Hongwei Xue , Peng Gao , Hongyang Li , Yu Qiao , Hao Sun , Houqiang Li , Jiebo Luo

Masked image modeling (MIM) has achieved promising results on various vision tasks. However, the limited discriminability of learned representation manifests there is still plenty to go for making a stronger vision learner. Towards this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zhicheng Huang , Xiaojie Jin , Chengze Lu , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng , Dongmei Fu , Xiaohui Shen , Jiashi Feng

In supervised learning, traditional image masking faces two key issues: (i) discarded pixels are underutilized, leading to a loss of valuable contextual information; (ii) masking may remove small or critical features, especially in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jingshan Hong , Haigen Hu , Huihuang Zhang , Qianwei Zhou , Zhao Li

Masking strategies commonly employed in natural language processing are still underexplored in vision tasks such as concept learning, where conventional methods typically rely on full images. However, using masked images diversifies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuwei Sun , Lu Mi , Ippei Fujisawa , Ruiqiao Mei , Jimin Chen , Siyu Zhu , Ryota Kanai

Self-supervised learning on images seeks to extract meaningful visual representations from unlabeled data. When scaled to large datasets, this paradigm has achieved state-of-the-art performance and the resulting trained models such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 David Nordström , Johan Edstedt , Fredrik Kahl , Georg Bökman