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Unitary errors, such as those arising from fault-tolerant compilation of quantum algorithms, systematically bias observable estimates. Correcting this bias typically requires additional resources, such as an increased number of non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Dmitrii Khitrin , Kenneth R. Brown , Abhinav Anand

We will try to explore, primarily from the complexity-theoretic point of view, limitations of error-correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation. We consider stochastic models of quantum computation on $n$ qubits subject to noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gil Kalai

Classical reconstruction methods for phase-contrast tomography consist of two stages: phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction. A novel algebraic method combining the two was suggested by Kostenko et al. (Opt. Express, 21, 12185,…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-09-08 Rasmus Dalgas Kongskov , Jakob Sauer Jørgensen , Henning Friis Poulsen , Per Christian Hansen

Stabilizer simulation of Clifford quantum circuits - error-correction circuits, Clifford subroutines, etc. - on classical computers has played a central role in our understanding of circuit performance. The stabilizer description, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mark Myers , Mariesa H. Teo , Rajesh Mishra , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

We provide a new efficient adaptive algorithm for performing phase estimation that does not require that the user infer the bits of the eigenphase in reverse order; rather it directly infers the phase and estimates the uncertainty in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-06 Nathan Wiebe , Christopher E Granade

Error mitigation is essential for extracting reliable results from quantum computations performed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. Here we introduce Noise-Robust Estimation (NRE), a noise-agnostic framework that suppresses…

Quantum phase estimation is a paradigmatic problem in quantum sensing andmetrology. Here we show that adaptive methods based on classical machinelearning algorithms can be used to enhance the precision of quantum phase estimation when noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Nelson Filipe Costa , Yasser Omar , Aidar Sultanov , Gheorghe Sorin Paraoanu

We present a set of methods to generate less complex error channels by quantum circuit parallelisation. The resulting errors are simplified as a consequence of their symmetrisation and randomisation. Initially, the case of a single error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 James Mills , Debasis Sadhukhan , Elham Kashefi

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Mitigating noise-induced decoherence is the central challenge in controlling open quantum systems. While existing robust protocols often require precise noise models, we introduce a universal framework for noise-agnostic quantum control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Lixiang Ding , Jingtao Fan , Xingze Qiu

Estimating the features of noise is the first step in a chain of protocols that will someday lead to fault tolerant quantum computers. The randomized benchmarking (RB) protocol is designed with this exact mindset, estimating the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Pedro Figueroa-Romero , Kavan Modi , Thomas M. Stace , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We describe a simple randomized benchmarking protocol for quantum information processors and obtain a sequence of models for the observable fidelity decay as a function of a perturbative expansion of the errors. We are able to prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-14 Easwar Magesan , J. M. Gambetta , Joseph Emerson

Quantum noise in a model of singly resonant frequency doubling including phase mismatch and driving in the harmonic mode is analyzed. The general formulae about the fixed points and their stability as well as the squeezing spectra…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Cabrillo , J. L. Roldan , P. Garcia-Fernandez

Motivated by successful classical models for noise reduction, we suggest a quantum technique for filtering noise out of quantum states. The purpose of this paper is twofold: presenting a simple construction of quantum cross-correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-27 Boaz Tamir , Eliahu Cohen

We formulate a scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation that works effectively against highly biased noise, where dephasing is far stronger than all other types of noise. In our scheme, the fundamental operations performed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-21 Panos Aliferis , John Preskill

A central feature of quantum metrology is the possibility of Heisenberg scaling, a quadratic improvement over the limits of classical statistics. This scaling, however, is notoriously fragile to noise. While for some noise types it can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Giulio Chiribella , Xiaobin Zhao

As quantum devices continue to grow in size but remain affected by noise, it is crucial to determine when and how they can outperform classical computers on practical tasks. A central piece in this effort is to develop the most efficient…

Motivated by estimation of quantum noise models, we study the problem of learning a Pauli channel, or more generally the Pauli error rates of an arbitrary channel. By employing a novel reduction to the "Population Recovery" problem, we give…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Steven T. Flammia , Ryan O'Donnell