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Understanding linguistics and morphology of resource-scarce code-mixed texts remains a key challenge in text processing. Although word embedding comes in handy to support downstream tasks for low-resource languages, there are plenty of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ayan Sengupta , Sourabh Kumar Bhattacharjee , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md Shad Akhtar

Code-mixing, the integration of lexical and grammatical elements from multiple languages within a single sentence, is a widespread linguistic phenomenon, particularly prevalent in multilingual societies. In India, social media users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Aniket Deroy , Subhankar Maity

Although the Transformer is currently the best-performing architecture in the homogeneous configuration (self-attention only) in Neural Machine Translation, many State-of-the-Art models in Natural Language Processing are made of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Jia Cheng Hu , Roberto Cavicchioli , Giulia Berardinelli , Alessandro Capotondi

Open Domain Question Answering (ODQA) on a large-scale corpus of documents (e.g. Wikipedia) is a key challenge in computer science. Although transformer-based language models such as Bert have shown on SQuAD the ability to surpass humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Wissam Siblini , Mohamed Challal , Charlotte Pasqual

Transformer model has been widely used on machine translation tasks and obtained state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we report an interesting phenomenon in its encoder-decoder multi-head attention: different attention heads of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zewei Sun , Shujian Huang , Hao-Ran Wei , Xin-yu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Starting from NMT, encoder-decoder neu- ral networks have been used for many NLP problems. Graph-based models and transition-based models borrowing the en- coder components achieve state-of-the-art performance on dependency parsing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Jiangming Liu , Yue Zhang

User queries in e-commerce search are often vague, short, and underspecified, making it difficult for retrieval systems to match them accurately against structured product catalogs. This challenge is amplified by the one-to-many nature of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yipeng Zhang , Bowen Liu , Xiaoshuang Zhang , Aritra Mandal , Canran Xu , Zhe Wu

Pre-training a transformer-based model for the language modeling task in a large dataset and then fine-tuning it for downstream tasks has been found very useful in recent years. One major advantage of such pre-trained language models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Enamul Hoque , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

There have been significant efforts to interpret the encoder of Transformer-based encoder-decoder architectures for neural machine translation (NMT); meanwhile, the decoder remains largely unexamined despite its critical role. During…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yilin Yang , Longyue Wang , Shuming Shi , Prasad Tadepalli , Stefan Lee , Zhaopeng Tu

Multilingual e-commerce search suffers from severe data imbalance across languages, label noise, and limited supervision for low-resource languages--challenges that impede the cross-lingual generalization of relevance models despite the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yabo Yin , Yang Xi , Jialong Wang , Shanqi Wang , Jiateng Hu

Recent work in multilingual translation advances translation quality surpassing bilingual baselines using deep transformer models with increased capacity. However, the extra latency and memory costs introduced by this approach may make it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Xiang Kong , Adithya Renduchintala , James Cross , Yuqing Tang , Jiatao Gu , Xian Li

With the proliferation of social media platforms and e-commerce sites, several cross-domain collaborative filtering strategies have been recently introduced to transfer the knowledge of user preferences across domains. The main challenge of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Dimitrios Rafailidis

Text encoding is one of the most important steps in Natural Language Processing (NLP). It has been done well by the self-attention mechanism in the current state-of-the-art Transformer encoder, which has brought about significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zuchao Li , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Kehai Chen , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita

We present a method for introducing a text encoder into pre-trained end-to-end speech translation systems. It enhances the ability of adapting one modality (i.e., source-language speech) to another (i.e., source-language text). Thus, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-06 Yuhao Zhang , Chen Xu , Bojie Hu , Chunliang Zhang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Although more and more language pairs are covered by machine translation services, there are still many pairs that lack translation resources. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is an application which needs translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Wessel Kraaij , Jian-Yun Nie , Michel Simard

Compared to sentence-level systems, document-level neural machine translation (NMT) models produce a more consistent output across a document and are able to better resolve ambiguities within the input. There are many works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Christian Herold , Hermann Ney

NLP applications for code-mixed (CM) or mix-lingual text have gained a significant momentum recently, the main reason being the prevalence of language mixing in social media communications in multi-lingual societies like India, Mexico,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Mohsin Ali , Kandukuri Sai Teja , Sumanth Manduru , Parth Patwa , Amitava Das

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) can process many languages, yet how they internally represent this diversity remains unclear. Do they form shared multilingual representations with language-specific decoding, and if so, why does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abir Harrasse , Florent Draye , Punya Syon Pandey , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Machine Translation is one of the research fields of Computational Linguistics. The objective of many MT Researchers is to develop an MT System that produce good quality and high accuracy output translations and which also covers maximum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Shruti Tyagi , Deepti Chopra , Iti Mathur , Nisheeth Joshi

Existing information retrieval systems are largely constrained by their reliance on vector inner products to assess query-document relevance, which naturally limits the expressiveness of the relevance score they can produce. We propose a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Julian Killingback , Hansi Zeng , Hamed Zamani