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In most popular sports leagues, like the MLB, NBA, and NFL, none of the commonly used statistics take into account the strengths of the opponents a player faces. One of the main reasons for this is the conventional belief that a player's…

Applications · Statistics 2022-06-22 Francis Liu

In Major League Baseball, every ballpark is different, with different dimensions and climates. These differences make some ballparks more conducive to hitting home runs than others. Several factors conspire to make estimation of these…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-30 Jason A. Osborne , Richard A. Levine

We present a quantitative analysis of throwing ability for major league outfielders and catchers. We use detailed game event data to tabulate success and failure events in outfielder and catcher throwing opportunities. We attribute a run…

Applications · Statistics 2007-06-13 Matthew Carruth , Shane T. Jensen

In baseball games, the coefficient of restitution of baseballs strongly affects the flying distance of batted balls, which determines the home-run probability. In Japan, the range of the coefficient of restitution of official baseballs has…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-01-07 Hiroto Kuninaka , Ikuma Kosaka , Hiroshi Mizutani

Estimating ballpark effects and team defense in baseball is challenging because batted-ball outcomes are influenced by multiple factors, including contact quality, ballpark environment, defensive performance, and random variation. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-24 Jhe-Jia Wu , Tian-Li Yan , Ting-Li Chen

In the high-stakes world of baseball, every nuance of a pitcher's mechanics holds the key to maximizing performance and minimizing runs. Traditional analysis methods often rely on pre-recorded offline numerical data, hindering their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jerrin Bright , Bavesh Balaji , Yuhao Chen , David A Clausi , John S Zelek

Cricket, "a Gentleman's Game", is a prominent sport rising worldwide. Due to the rising competitiveness of the sport, players and team management have become more professional with their approach. Prior studies predicted individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ahmad Al Asad , Kazi Nishat Anwar , Ilhum Zia Chowdhury , Akif Azam , Tarif Ashraf , Tanvir Rahman

Numerous statistics have been proposed for the measure of offensive ability in major league baseball. While some of these measures may offer moderate predictive power in certain situations, it is unclear which simple offensive metrics are…

Applications · Statistics 2021-07-21 Blakeley B. McShane , Alexander Braunstein , James Piette , Shane T. Jensen

In modern physical education, data-driven evaluation methods have gradually attracted attention, especially the quantitative prediction of students' sports performance through machine learning model. The purpose of this study is to use a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shaoxuan Sun , Jingao Yuan , Yuelin Yang

In Major League Baseball, strategy and planning are major factors in determining the outcome of a game. Previous studies have aided this by building machine learning models for predicting the winning team of any given game. We extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Morgan Allen , Paul Savala

Baseball consists of two teams alternating between batting and fielding while competing to score runs through sequential pitching events. Recent advances in tracking technology have enabled all Major League Baseball (MLB) clubs to record…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-01 Youngjai Park , Cheawoon Lim , Seung-Woo Son , Mi Jin Lee

Predicting batting averages for specific batters against specific pitchers is a challenging problem in baseball. Previous methods for estimating batting averages in these matchups have used regression models that can incorporate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Michael J. O'Connell

Assessment of the performance of a player in any sport is very much needed to determine the ranking of players and make a solid team with the best players. Besides these, fans, journalists, sports persons, and sports councils often analyse…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-28 Dipak Patra

A Bayesian Survival Analysis method is motivated and developed for analysing sequences of scores made by a batsman in test or first class cricket. In particular, we expect the presence of an effect whereby the distribution of scores has…

Applications · Statistics 2008-05-26 Brendon J. Brewer

Runs Batted IN (RBI) records the number of runs a hitter directly drives in during their plate appearances and reflects a batter's ability to convert opportunities into scoring. Because producing runs determines game outcomes, RBI has long…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-26 Wuhuan Deng

In observational studies, the recorded treatment assignment is not purely random, but it is influenced by external factors such as patient characteristics, reimbursement policies, and existing guidelines. Therefore, the treatment effect can…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-02 Sara Poletto , Enrico Longato , Erica Tavazzi , Martina Vettoretti

Plate discipline is an important feature of a hitter's success. Hitter who are able to recognize good pitches to swing at and balls to take are generally recognized as disciplined hitters. Although there are some metrics that can provide…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-26 Wuhuan Deng , Scott Nestler

Control has long been recognized as a critical component of pitcher performance, reflecting a pitcher's ability to execute pitches in alignment with his intended targets. However, accurately inferring a pitcher's intentions presents a…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-27 Matt Ludwig , Ryan S. Brill , Abraham J. Wyner

The baseball statistic "Wins Above Replacement" (WAR) has emerged as one of the most popular evaluation metrics. But it is not readily observed and tabulated; WAR is an estimate of a parameter in a vaguely defined model with all its…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Ryan S. Brill , Abraham J. Wyner

The baseball game is often seen as many contests that are performed between individuals. The duel between the pitcher and the batter, for example, is considered the engine that drives the sport. The pitchers use a variety of strategies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Nina Wiedemann , Carlos Dietrich , Claudio T. Silva