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The general use of subjective probabilities to model belief has been justified using many axiomatic schemes. For example, ?consistent betting behavior' arguments are well-known. To those not already convinced of the unique fitness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Paul Snow

Bayesian probability theory is used to analyze the oft-made assumption that humans are typical observers in the universe. Some theoretical calculations make the {\it selection fallacy} that we are randomly chosen from a class of objects by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 James B. Hartle , Mark Srednicki

Conditional density estimation (CDE) models can be useful for many statistical applications, especially because the full conditional density is estimated instead of traditional regression point estimates, revealing more information about…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-12 Alex Akira Okuno , Felipe Maia Polo

Surprise-based learning allows agents to rapidly adapt to non-stationary stochastic environments characterized by sudden changes. We show that exact Bayesian inference in a hierarchical model gives rise to a surprise-modulated trade-off…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-25 Vasiliki Liakoni , Alireza Modirshanechi , Wulfram Gerstner , Johanni Brea

We develop a Bayesian model for decision-making under time pressure with endogenous information acquisition. In our model, the decision maker decides when to observe (costly) information by sampling an underlying continuous-time stochastic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Ahmed M. Alaa , Mihaela van der Schaar

We present a domain-theoretic framework for probabilistic programming that provides a constructive definition of conditional probability and addresses computability challenges previously identified in the literature. We introduce a novel…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Pietro Di Gianantonio , Abbas Edalat

We study online Bayesian persuasion problems in which an informed sender repeatedly faces a receiver with the goal of influencing their behavior through the provision of payoff-relevant information. Previous works assume that the sender has…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Francesco Bacchiocchi , Matteo Bollini , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

Despite exceptional predictive performance of Deep sequence models (DSMs), the main concern of their deployment centers around the lack of uncertainty awareness. In contrast, probabilistic models quantify the uncertainty associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenlong Chen

Here we focus on the description of the mechanisms behind the process of information aggregation and decision making, a basic step to understand emergent phenomena in society, such as trends, information spreading or the wisdom of crowds.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-15 Víctor M. Eguíluz , N. Masuda , J. Fernández-Gracia

A principle is modified that underlies the theory of organic fiducial inference as this theory was presented in an earlier paper. This modification, which is arguably a natural one to make, allows Bayesian inference to sometimes have a…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-11-18 Russell J. Bowater

A community of researchers appears to think that a machine can be surprised and have introduced various surprise measures, principally the Shannon Surprise and the Bayesian Surprise. The questions of what constitutes a surprise and how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yinsong Wang , Quan Zeng , Xiao Liu , Yu Ding

In this work, we consider a binary hypothesis testing problem involving a group of human decision-makers. Due to the nature of human behavior, each human decision-maker observes the phenomenon of interest sequentially up to a random length…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-26 Nandan Sriranga , Baocheng Geng , Pramod K. Varshney

In this work, we investigate the problem of synthesizing property-enforcing supervisors for partially-observed discrete-event systems (DES). Unlike most existing approaches, where the enforced property depends solely on the executed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Bohan Cui , Yu Chen , Alessandro Giua , Xiang Yin

Past research on probabilistic databases has studied the problem of answering queries on a static database. Application scenarios of probabilistic databases however often involve the conditioning of a database using additional information…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-06-16 Christoph Koch , Dan Olteanu

We study belief revision when information is represented by a set of probability distributions, or general information. General information extends the standard event notion while including qualitative information (A is more likely than B),…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-04 Adam Dominiak , Matthew Kovach , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

We examine how causal beliefs affect an agent's choices and how feedback on those choices leads to updated causal beliefs. Building on the structural-equations framework for modeling causality, we first examine the general problem of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-11 Joseph Y. Halpern , Evan Piermont , Marie-Louise Vierø

In most contemporary approaches to decision making, a decision problem is described by a sets of states and set of outcomes, and a rich set of acts, which are functions from states to outcomes over which the decision maker (DM) has…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Lawrence Blume , David Easley , Joseph Y. Halpern

When subjected to automated decision-making, decision subjects may strategically modify their observable features in ways they believe will maximize their chances of receiving a favorable decision. In many practical situations, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Keegan Harris , Valerie Chen , Joon Sik Kim , Ameet Talwalkar , Hoda Heidari , Zhiwei Steven Wu

We consider how an agent should update her uncertainty when it is represented by a set $\P$ of probability distributions and the agent observes that a random variable $X$ takes on value $x$, given that the agent makes decisions using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-11-27 Peter D. Grunwald , Joseph Y. Halpern

We study a setting where Bayesian agents with a common prior have private information related to an event's outcome and sequentially make public announcements relating to their information. Our main result shows that when agents' private…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yuqing Kong , Grant Schoenebeck