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In this article, we investigate the existence of a deep neural network (DNN) capable of approximating solutions to partial integro-differential equations while circumventing the curse of dimensionality. Using the Feynman-Kac theorem, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Marcin Baranek

Neural networks (NNs) have been widely used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) in the applications of physics, biology, and engineering. One effective approach for solving PDEs with a fixed differential operator is learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Wenrui Hao , Rui Peng Li , Yuanzhe Xi , Tianshi Xu , Yahong Yang

Can neural networks learn to solve partial differential equations (PDEs)? We investigate this question for two (systems of) PDEs, namely, the Poisson equation and the steady Navier--Stokes equations. The contributions of this paper are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Tim Dockhorn

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is the canonical approach for understanding the behavior of physical systems. However, large scale solutions of PDEs using state of the art discretization techniques remains an expensive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Xiaoxuan Zhang , Krishna Garikipati

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are central to science and engineering. Since solving them is computationally expensive, a lot of effort has been put into approximating their solution operator via both traditional and recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Alessandro Longhi , Danny Lathouwers , Zoltán Perkó

Classical Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions to PDEs with the help of deep neural networks trained to satisfy the differential operator and the relevant boundary conditions. We revisit this idea in the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Josh Dees , Antoine Jacquier , Sylvain Laizet

Deep Learning (DL), in particular deep neural networks (DNN), by default is purely data-driven and in general does not require physics. This is the strength of DL but also one of its key limitations when applied to science and engineering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-26 Hai V. Nguyen , Tan Bui-Thanh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable empirical success, yet the absence of a principled theoretical foundation continues to hinder their systematic development. In this survey, we present differential equations as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Hongjue Zhao , Yizhuo Chen , Yuchen Wang , Hairong Qi , Lui Sha , Tarek Abdelzaher , Huajie Shao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promising potential for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep learning. However, PINNs face training difficulties for evolutionary PDEs, particularly for dynamical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Siqi Chen , Bin Shan , Ye Li

The theory-guided neural network (TgNN) is a kind of method which improves the effectiveness and efficiency of neural network architectures by incorporating scientific knowledge or physical information. Despite its great success, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Miao Rong , Dongxiao Zhang , Nanzhe Wang

Tensor neural networks (TNNs) have demonstrated their superiority in solving high-dimensional problems. However, similar to conventional neural networks, TNNs are also influenced by the Frequency Principle, which limits their ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jizu Huang , Yue Qiu , Rukang You

We revisit the analogy between feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) and discrete dynamical systems derived from neural integral equations and their corresponding partial differential equation (PDE) forms. A comparative analysis between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Abhisek Ganguly , Santosh Ansumali , Sauro Succi

Neural networks with randomly generated hidden weights (RaNNs) have been extensively studied, both as a standalone learning method and as an initialization for fully trainable deep learning methods. In this work, we study RaNN expressivity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Muhammed Ali Mehmood , Lukas Gonon

Neural Networks (NNs) can be used to solve Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations (ODEs and PDEs) by redefining the question as an optimization problem. The objective function to be optimized is the sum of the squares of the PDE to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Veronica Guidetti , Francesco Muia , Yvette Welling , Alexander Westphal

Deep learning has been extensively employed as a powerful function approximator for modeling physics-based problems described by partial differential equations (PDEs). Despite their popularity, standard deep learning models often demand…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiachen Guo , Xiaoyu Xie , Chanwook Park , Hantao Zhang , Matthew Politis , Gino Domel , Thomas J. R. Hughes , Wing Kam Liu

Deep operator networks (DeepONets) represent a powerful class of data-driven methods for operator learning, demonstrating strong approximation capabilities for a wide range of linear and nonlinear operators. They have shown promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhaoxi Jiang , Fei Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and hybrid quantum-classical extensions provide a promising framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the learning process. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , A. Pedro Aguiar , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel

Motivated by recent research on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), we make the first attempt to introduce the PINNs for numerical simulation of the elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on 3D manifolds. PINNs are one of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Zhuochao Tang , Zhuojia Fu

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, training PINNs from scratch is often computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this problem,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-21 Sidi Wu

We develop a numerical framework, the Deep Tangent Bundle (DTB) method, that is suitable for computing solutions of evolutionary partial differential equations (PDEs) in high dimensions. The main idea is to use the tangent bundle of an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Hao Wu , Haomin Zhou