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In the generalized off-shell free energy landscape, black holes can be treated as thermodynamic topological defects. The local topological properties of the spacetime can be reflected by the winding numbers at the defects, while the global…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-08 Chaoxi Fang , Jie Jiang , Ming Zhang

In this Letter, we investigate the universal classifications of black hole states by considering them as topological defects within the thermodynamic parameter space. Through the asymptotic behaviors of the constructed vector, our results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-03 Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu , Robert B. Mann

Recent explorations of topological aspects in black hole thermodynamics have achieved unprecedented progress. By utilizing topological numbers, different black hole systems can be categorized into distinct universality classes. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-04 Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu

Regular black holes, which avoid the essential center singularities, can be constructed through various methods, including nonlinear electrodynamics and quantum corrections. Recently, it was shown that via an infinite tower of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-10 Sheng-Wei Wang , Shan-Ping Wu , Shao-Wen Wei

In the recent proposal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)], the black holes were viewed as topological thermodynamic defects by using the generalized off-shell free energy. In this paper, we follow such proposal to study the local and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-14 Conghua Liu , Jin Wang

In this paper, we explore two $f(R,T)$ gravity models and derive black hole solutions within these models. We focus on investigating how the $f(R,T)$ model influences the thermodynamic characteristics of black holes by studying their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Bidyut Hazarika , Prabwal Phukon

In this paper, we apply the thermodynamic topology framework to ultraspinning Kerr-AdS black holes in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. By constructing the off-shell Helmholtz free energy and the associated vector field, black hole states are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-06 Min Tian , Ying Chen , Di Wu

Among the study of black hole thermodynamics, topology offers a novel approach and perspective for classifying black hole systems. In this work, we explore the thermodynamical topology of the quantum BTZ black hole by employing the concept…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-05 Shan-Ping Wu , Shao-Wen Wei

In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of black holes (BHs) that have non-trivial topological features in their phase diagrams. We consider three different models of BHs: (1) a class of BHs in dRGT massive gravity, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-10 Aqsa Mehmood , M. Umair Shahzad

In a recent study, Wei et al. [Phys. Rev. D 110, L081501 (2024)] proposed a universal classification scheme that interprets black hole solutions as topological defects within the thermodynamic parameter space, and then divides black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-03 Xiao-Dan Zhu , Wentao Liu , Di Wu

In the recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)], the black holes were viewed as topological thermodynamic defects by using the generalized off-shell free energy. Their work indicates that all black hole solutions in the pure…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-27 Yongbin Du , Xiangdong Zhang

Neves and Saa introduced a two parameter spacetime that includes the Hayward, Bardeen, and Simpson-Visser geometries as particular cases. In this work, we employ the generalized off-shell Helmholtz free energy method to investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 A. A. M. Silva , M. H. Macedo , R. R. Landim

We present a class of charged black hole solutions in an ($n+2)$-dimensional massive gravity with a negative cosmological constant, and study thermodynamics and phase structure of the black hole solutions both in grand canonical ensemble…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-01-27 Rong-Gen Cai , Ya-Peng Hu , Qi-Yuan Pan , Yun-Long Zhang

In this work, we develop a universal picture from topology in the thermodynamic parameters space to describe first order phase transitions of black holes. By employing an off-shell internal energy, we find two types of topological defects.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-22 Zhong-Ying Fan

By viewing black hole solutions as topological defects in thermodynamic parameter space, we unveil a novel topological class and two new topological subclasses, respectively denoted $W^{0-\leftrightarrow 1+}$, $\overline{W}^{1+}$, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-11 Di Wu , Wentao Liu , Shuang-Qing Wu , Robert B. Mann

Black hole thermodynamics has recently witnessed three distinct classification schemes: based on local geometric properties of the temperature function, global topological invariants, and Riemann surface foliations in the complex plane. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-10 Shi-Hao Zhang , Shao-Wen Wei , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

We present a class of exact solutions of Weyl conformal gravity, which have an interpretation as topological black holes. Solutions with negative, zero or positive scalar curvature at infinity are found, the former generalizing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Dietmar Klemm

In this paper, the equivalence between two methods for computing winding numbers is established: the approach of $\phi$-mapping topological current and the residue method. The methods are shown to be equivalent when the condition $M'' S' -…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 A. A. M. Silva , G. Alencar , C. R. Muniz , M. Nilton , R. R. Landim

In this work, we study the thermodynamic topology of a static, a charged static and a charged, rotating black hole in $f(R)$ gravity. For charged static black holes, we work in two different ensembles: fixed charge$(q)$ ensemble and fixed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-03 Bidyut Hazarika , Prabwal Phukon

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the thermodynamics of black holes, focusing on foundational concepts such as free energy, entropy, and topological numbers, alongside a detailed examination of quantum RN black holes. By…

General Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Wen-Xiang Chen
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