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A Nystrom-based high-order (HO) discretization scheme for surface integral equations (SIEs) for analyzing the electroencephalography (EEG) forward problem is proposed in this work. We use HO surface elements and interpolation functions for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Rui Chen , Viviana Giunzioni , Adrien Merlini , Francesco P. Andriulli

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) allows for the high-resolution reconstruction of 3D structures of proteins and other biomolecules. Successful reconstruction of both shape and movement greatly helps understand the fundamental processes of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Xinhang Liu , Yan Zeng , Yifan Qin , Hao Li , Jiakai Zhang , Lan Xu , Jingyi Yu

The Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY (MAORY) is one of the key Adaptive Optics (AO) systems on the European Southern Observatory's Extremely Large Telescope. MAORY aims to achieve a good wavefront correction over a large field of view,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-25 Bernadett Stadler , Ronny Ramlau

We consider solving ill-posed imaging inverse problems without access to an explicit image prior or ground-truth examples. An overarching challenge in inverse problems is that there are many undesired images that fit to the observed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-23 Angela F. Gao , Oscar Leong , He Sun , Katherine L. Bouman

The first partial boundary data complex geometrical optics based methods for electrical impedance tomography in three dimensions are developed, and tested, on simulated and experimental data. The methods provide good localization of targets…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Sarah J. Hamilton , Peter Muller , Ville Kolehmainen , Jussi Toivanen

The concept of a new space very long baseline interferometry system named the Event Horizon Imager (EHI) has been proposed to dramatically improve black hole imaging and provide precise tests of the theory of general relativity. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Anastasia Shlentsova , Freek Roelofs , Sara Issaoun , Jordy Davelaar , Heino Falcke

General Relativity predicts that the emission close to a black hole must be lensed by its strong gravitational field, illuminating the last photon orbit. This results in a dark circular area known as the black hole 'shadow'. The Event…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-02 Leonid Benkevitch , Kazunori Akiyama , Rusen Lu , Shepherd Doeleman , Vincent Fish

Different tasks in the computational pipeline of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) require enhancing the quality of the highly noisy raw images. To this end, we develop an efficient algorithm for signal enhancement of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-06 Guy Sharon , Yoel Shkolnisky , Tamir Bendory

Differentiating signals from the background in micrographs is a critical initial step for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), yet it remains laborious due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the presence of contaminants and densely…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Szu-Chi Chung , Po-Cheng Chou

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) captured the first images of a black hole using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In the near future, extensions of the EHT such as the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) will allow access to finer-scale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-13 Sol Gutiérrez-Lara , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Michael D. Johnson

The image quality of the new generation of earthbound Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) is heavily influenced by atmospheric turbulences. To compensate these optical distortions a technique called adaptive optics (AO) is used. Many AO…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Bernadett Stadler , Roberto Biasi , Mauro Manetti , Ronny Ramlau

The recent advent of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has made direct imaging of supermassive black holes a reality. Simulated images of black holes produced via general relativistic ray tracing and radiative transfer provide a key…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-13 Z. Gelles , B. S. Prather , D. C. M. Palumbo , M. D. Johnson , G. N. Wong , B. Georgiev

Integrated optics are used to achieve astronomical interferometry inside robust and compact materials, improving the instrument's stability and sensitivity. In order to perform differential phase measurements at the H$\alpha$ line (656.3…

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an indispensable technique for determining the 3D structures of dynamic biomolecular complexes. While typically applied to image a single molecular species, cryo-EM has the potential for structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jeffrey Gu , Minkyu Jeon , Ambri Ma , Serena Yeung-Levy , Ellen D. Zhong

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 micro-as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-08 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

The Segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-Optical Reconnaissance (SPIDER) is an optical interferometric imaging device that aims to offer an alternative to the large space telescope designs of today with reduced size, weight and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-17 Matthijs Mars , Marta M. Betcke , Jason D. McEwen

Homography estimation is often an indispensable step in many computer vision tasks. The existing approaches, however, are not robust to illumination and/or larger viewpoint changes. In this paper, we propose bidirectional implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Daniel Koguciuk , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is a Nobel prize-winning technology for determining the 3D structure of particles at near-atomic resolution. A fundamental step in the recovering of the 3D single-particle structure is to align its 2D…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-12 Koby Bibas , Gili Weiss-Dicker , Dana Cohen , Noa Cahan , Hayit Greenspan

Principal Components Analysis is a widely used technique for dimension reduction and characterization of variability in multivariate populations. Our interest lies in studying when and why the rotation to principal components can be used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-01 Daniel A Díaz-Pachón , Jean-Eudes Dazard , J. Sunil Rao

Measurement of interferometric parameters values is affected by phase disturbance due especially to atmospheric turbulences. Algorithms of fringe sensing, aimed at fringe parameters identification, are based on interferometric models that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-27 Bonino Donata