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Related papers: FrOoDo: Framework for Out-of-Distribution Detectio…

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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliability of ML models. Most existing methods for OOD detection learn a fixed decision criterion from a given in-distribution dataset and apply it universally to decide if a data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 YiFan Zhang , Xue Wang , Tian Zhou , Kun Yuan , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

Image classification models deployed in the real world may receive inputs outside the intended data distribution. For critical applications such as clinical decision making, it is important that a model can detect such out-of-distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Christoph Berger , Magdalini Paschali , Ben Glocker , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection and segmentation have attracted growing attention as concerns about AI security rise. Conventional OoD detection methods identify the existence of OoD objects but lack spatial localization, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Yunhui Guo

Out-of-Distribution(OOD) detection, a fundamental machine learning task aimed at identifying abnormal samples, traditionally requires model retraining for different inlier distributions. While recent research demonstrates the applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hongzhe Cheng , Tianyou Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Matthew Johnson-Roberson , Weiming Zhi

Being able to successfully determine whether the testing samples has similar distribution as the training samples is a fundamental question to address before we can safely deploy most of the machine learning models into practice. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zhaiming Shen , Menglun Wang , Guang Cheng , Ming-Jun Lai , Lin Mu , Ruihao Huang , Qi Liu , Hao Zhu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection empowers the model trained on the closed image set to identify unknown data in the open world. Though many prior techniques have yielded considerable improvements in this research direction, two crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Sen Pei

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is important for deploying machine learning models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and robot-assisted surgery. Existing research has mainly focused on unimodal scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hao Dong , Yue Zhao , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

In this work, we propose a method to reject out-of-distribution samples which can be adapted to any network architecture and requires no additional training data. Publicly available chest x-ray data (38,353 images) is used to train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Erdi Çallı , Keelin Murphy , Ecem Sogancioglu , Bram van Ginneken

Identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many machine learning applications, especially for automation. We present a novel unsupervised semi-parametric framework COMBOOD for OOD detection with respect to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Magesh Rajasekaran , Md Saiful Islam Sajol , Frej Berglind , Supratik Mukhopadhyay , Kamalika Das

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across large-scale distributed service nodes while preserving data privacy, making it a cornerstone of intelligent service systems in edge-cloud environments. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiwei Ling , Hailiang Zhao , Chao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Ziqi Wang , Cheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Xinkui Zhao , Kingsum Chow , Yuanqing Wu , MengChu Zhou

In this work, we propose CODE, an extension of existing work from the field of explainable AI that identifies class-specific recurring patterns to build a robust Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection method for visual classifiers. CODE does…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Romain Xu-Darme , Julien Girard-Satabin , Darryl Hond , Gabriele Incorvaia , Zakaria Chihani

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection aims to justify whether a given sample is from the training distribution of the classifier-under-protection, i.e., In-Distribution (InD), or from OoD. Diffusion Models (DMs) are recently utilized in OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang , Jie Yang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is an important yet underexplored task. A reliable object detector should be able to handle OOD objects by localizing and correctly classifying them as OOD. However, a critical issue arises when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sadia Ilyas , Annika Mütze , Klaus Friedrichs , Thomas Kurbiel , Matthias Rottmann

We introduce powerful ideas from Hyperdimensional Computing into the challenging field of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection. In contrast to most existing work that performs OOD detection based on only a single layer of a neural network,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Samuel Wilson , Tobias Fischer , Niko Sünderhauf , Feras Dayoub

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull