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Recent studies have highlighted the potential of Lipschitz-based methods for training certifiably robust neural networks against adversarial attacks. A key challenge, supported both theoretically and empirically, is that robustness demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Kai Hu , Klas Leino , Zifan Wang , Matt Fredrikson

The recently introduced ZACH-ViT (Zero-token Adaptive Compact Hierarchical Vision Transformer) formalized a compact permutation-invariant Vision Transformer for medical imaging and argued that architectural alignment with spatial structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Athanasios Angelakis , Marta Gomez-Barrero

A fundamental issue in machine learning is the robustness of the model with respect to changes in the input. In natural language processing, models typically contain a first embedding layer, transforming a sequence of tokens into vector…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Rémi Catellier , Samuel Vaiter , Damien Garreau

Vision transformers have become one of the most important models for computer vision tasks. Although they outperform prior works, they require heavy computational resources on a scale that is quadratic to the number of tokens, $N$. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Jeonggeun Song , Heung-Chang Lee

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are built by stacking independently parameterized blocks, but it remains unclear how much of this depth requires layer specific transformations and how much can be realized through recurrent computation. We study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Michal Byra , Pawel Olszowiec , Grzegorz Stefanski , Grzegorz Gruszczynski , Alberto Presta

Vision transformers have attracted much attention from computer vision researchers as they are not restricted to the spatial inductive bias of ConvNets. However, although Transformer-based backbones have achieved much progress on ImageNet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Hong-Yu Zhou , Chixiang Lu , Sibei Yang , Yizhou Yu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have become a universal backbone for both image recognition and image generation. Yet their Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) layer still performs a quadratic query-key interaction for every token pair, spending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Pu , Jixuan Ying , Qixiu Li , Tianzhu Ye , Dongchen Han , Xiaochen Wang , Ziyi Wang , Xinyu Shao , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit exceptional generalization across diverse downstream tasks. While recent studies reveal their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, research to date has primarily focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wanqi Zhou , Shuanghao Bai , Danilo P. Mandic , Qibin Zhao , Badong Chen

Certified patch defenses can guarantee robustness of an image classifier to arbitrary changes within a bounded contiguous region. But, currently, this robustness comes at a cost of degraded standard accuracies and slower inference times. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Hadi Salman , Saachi Jain , Eric Wong , Aleksander Mądry

Adversarial vulnerability remains a major obstacle to constructing reliable NLP systems. When imperceptible perturbations are added to raw input text, the performance of a deep learning model may drop dramatically under attacks. Recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Jiahao Zhao , Wenji Mao

Vulnerability to adversarial attacks is a well-known weakness of Deep Neural networks. While most of the studies focus on single-task neural networks with computer vision datasets, very little research has considered complex multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained prominence in various applications, such as classification, recognition, and prediction, prompting increased scrutiny of their properties. A fundamental attribute of traditional DNNs is their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Roman Garaev , Bader Rasheed , Adil Khan

The idea of robustness is central and critical to modern statistical analysis. However, despite the recent advances of deep neural networks (DNNs), many studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Making…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jungeum Kim , Xiao Wang

Multi-scale Vision Transformer (ViT) has emerged as a powerful backbone for computer vision tasks, while the self-attention computation in Transformer scales quadratically w.r.t. the input patch number. Thus, existing solutions commonly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Ting Yao , Yingwei Pan , Yehao Li , Chong-Wah Ngo , Tao Mei

As a pivotal technique for improving the defense of deep models, adversarial robustness transfer via distillation has demonstrated remarkable success in conventional image classification tasks. However, this paradigm encounters critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaowei Fu , Fuxiang Huang , Lei Zhang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) take all the image patches as tokens and construct multi-head self-attention (MHSA) among them. Complete leverage of these image tokens brings redundant computations since not all the tokens are attentive in MHSA.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Youwei Liang , Chongjian Ge , Zhan Tong , Yibing Song , Jue Wang , Pengtao Xie

Neural networks' lack of robustness against attacks raises concerns in security-sensitive settings such as autonomous vehicles. While many countermeasures may look promising, only a few withstand rigorous evaluation. Defenses using random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Chawin Sitawarin , Zachary Golan-Strieb , David Wagner

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are built on the assumption of treating image patches as ``visual tokens" and learn patch-to-patch attention. The patch embedding based tokenizer has a semantic gap with respect to its counterpart, the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Ryan Grainger , Thomas Paniagua , Xi Song , Naresh Cuntoor , Mun Wai Lee , Tianfu Wu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been widely applied in various computer vision and vision-language tasks. To gain insights into their robustness in practical scenarios, transferable adversarial examples on ViTs have been extensively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuchen Ren , Zhengyu Zhao , Chenhao Lin , Bo Yang , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu , Chao Shen

Patch attacks, one of the most threatening forms of physical attack in adversarial examples, can lead networks to induce misclassification by modifying pixels arbitrarily in a continuous region. Certifiable patch defense can guarantee…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Zhaoyu Chen , Bo Li , Jianghe Xu , Shuang Wu , Shouhong Ding , Wenqiang Zhang