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The increasing demand for commodities is leading to changes in land use worldwide. In the tropics, deforestation, which causes high carbon emissions and threatens biodiversity, is often linked to agricultural expansion. While the need for…
What is certain is that surface temperatures around the globe vary considerably, regardless of the time scales or underlying causes. Since 1850, we have observed an average increase in global surface temperature anomalies of 1.2$^{\circ}$…
Tropical deforestation and rural poverty are deeply intertwined, yet isolating the causal effect of income on forest loss remains challenging. We use the 2015 global vanilla price boom, triggered by food-industry shifts toward natural…
Thermal conditions in the urban canopy exhibit stochastic variability driven by varied radiative fluxes and turbulent wind fields, requiring probabilistic rather than deterministic prediction methods. This study presents a probabilistic…
Destabilization of the water cycle threatens human lives and livelihoods. Meanwhile our understanding of whether and how changes in vegetation cover could trigger abrupt transitions in moisture regimes remains incomplete. This challenge…
Carbon dioxide is one of the major contributors to the radiative forcing, increasing both the temperature and the humidity of Earth's atmosphere. If the stellar irradiance increases and water becomes abundant in the stratosphere of an…
Nonlinear plant-scale interactions controlling the soil-water balance are generally not valid at larger spatial scales due to spatial heterogeneity in rainfall and vegetation type. The relationships between spatially averaged variables are…
The objective of this work is a physical prediction of such soil shrinkage anisotropy characteristics as variation with drying of (i) different sample/layer sizes and (ii) the shrinkage geometry factor. With that, a new presentation of the…
Motivated by the cabling of solar farms, we study the problem Constrained Layer Tree. At its core, it asks whether there exists a tree that connects a set of sources (the leaves) to one sink (the root) such that certain capacity constraints…
A model of irrigation network, where lower branches must be thicker in order to support the weight of the higher ones, was recently introduced in BSUN2 [4]. This leads to a countable family of ODEs, describing the thickness of every branch,…
Wild populations of Medicago ciliaris and Medicago polymorpha were subjected to four salt treatments 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl, plant growth and proline concentration in leaves were assessed. The analyzed data revealed significant…
Global climate evolution models for habitable earthlike planets do not consider the effect of ocean salinity on land ice formation through the hydrological cycle. We consider two categories of such planets: planets with deep oceans, but…
Trees are key roughness elements in urban environments, shaping airflow, microclimates, and pollutant dispersion. Yet the aerodynamic drag of complex tree-like structures at high Reynolds numbers remains poorly characterized compared with…
The catastrophic senescence of the Pacific salmon is among the initial tests used to validate the Penna aging model. Based on the mutation accumulation theory, the sudden decrease in fitness following reproduction may be solely attributed…
Economic incentives to harvest a species usually diminish as its abundance declines, because harvest costs increase. This prevents harvesting to extinction. A known exception can occur if consumer demand causes a declining species' harvest…
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated correlations between climate trends and body size change of organisms. In many cases, climate might be expected to influence body size by altering thermoregulation, energetics or food…
Over some types of trees with a given number of vertices, which trees minimize or maximize the total number of subtrees or leaf containing subtrees are studied. Here are some of the main results:\ (1)\, Sharp upper bound on the total number…
Coastal erosion is a major and growing environmental problem describing the movement of sand caused by tides, waves or currents. Several phenomena contribute to the significant advance of the sea. These include climate change, with rising…
The geological record shows links between glacial cycles and volcanic productivity, both subaerially and at mid-ocean ridges. Sea-level-driven pressure changes could also affect chemical properties of mid-ocean ridge volcanism. We consider…
The inclination angle of the undrained shear slip surface in saturated soils is analyzed based on mixture theory. First, starting from the property that the bulk strain of soil skeleton is equal to the flow ratio of water discharged from…