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This paper consider solving a class of nonconvex-strongly-convex distributed stochastic bilevel optimization (DSBO) problems with personalized inner-level objectives. Most existing algorithms require computational loops for hypergradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Youcheng Niu , Jinming Xu , Ying Sun , Yan Huang , Li Chai

This paper explores a method for solving constrained optimization problems when the derivatives of the objective function are unavailable, while the derivatives of the constraints are known. We allow the objective and constraint function to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Melody Qiming Xuan , Jorge Nocedal

Bilevel linear programming (LP) is one of the simplest classes of bilevel optimization problems, yet it is known to be NP-hard in general. Specifically, determining whether the optimal objective value of a bilevel LP is at least as good as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Nagisa Sugishita , Margarida Carvalho

In this paper, a descent method for nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problems on complete Riemannian manifolds is proposed. The objective functions are only assumed to be locally Lipschitz continuous instead of convexity used in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Chunming Tang , Hao He , Jinbao Jian , Miantao Chao

Operator splitting methods have been successfully used in computational sciences, statistics, learning and vision areas to reduce complex problems into a series of simpler subproblems. However, prevalent splitting schemes are mostly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Risheng Liu , Shichao Cheng , Yi He , Xin Fan , Zhongxuan Luo

Non-convex optimization problems have multiple local optimal solutions. Non-convex optimization problems are commonly found in numerous applications. One of the methods recently proposed to efficiently explore multiple local optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-31 Mohamed Tarek , Yijiang Huang

Bilevel optimization minimizes an objective function, defined by an upper-level problem whose feasible region is the solution of a lower-level problem. We study the oracle complexity of finding an $\epsilon$-stationary point with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Lesi Chen , Jingzhao Zhang

In recent years, a variety of gradient-based first-order methods have been developed to solve bi-level optimization problems for learning applications. However, theoretical guarantees of these existing approaches heavily rely on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Risheng Liu , Pan Mu , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

High dimensional and/or nonconvex optimization remains a challenging and important problem across a wide range of fields, such as machine learning, data assimilation, and partial differential equation (PDE) constrained optimization. Here we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Brian K. Tran , Ben S. Southworth , David B. Cavender , Sam Olivier , Syed A. Shah , Tommaso Buvoli

Bilevel optimization (BLO) becomes fundamentally more challenging when the lower-level objective admits multiple minimizers. Beyond the unique-minimizer setting, two difficulties arise: (1) evaluating the hyper-objective $F_{\max}$ requires…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Saeed Masiha , Zebang Shen , Negar Kiyavash , Niao He

In this paper, we focus on finding the global minimizer of a general unconstrained nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problem. Taking advantage of the smoothing method and the consensus-based optimization (CBO) method, we propose a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Jiazhen Wei , Wei Bian

Bilevel optimization, addressing challenges in hierarchical learning tasks, has gained significant interest in machine learning. The practical implementation of the gradient descent method to bilevel optimization encounters computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Sheng Fang , Yong-Jin Liu , Wei Yao , Chengming Yu , Jin Zhang

In this work we are interested in the construction of numerical methods for high dimensional constrained nonlinear optimization problems by particle-based gradient-free techniques. A consensus-based optimization (CBO) approach combined with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-23 Giacomo Borghi , Michael Herty , Lorenzo Pareschi

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) methods seek to find global optima of objective functions which are only available as a black-box or are expensive to evaluate. Such methods construct a surrogate model for the objective function, quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-10 Enrico Crovini , Simon L. Cotter , Konstantinos Zygalakis , Andrew B. Duncan

Bilevel optimization has emerged as a technique for addressing a wide range of machine learning problems that involve an outer objective implicitly determined by the minimizer of an inner problem. While prior works have primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Fares El Khoury , Edouard Pauwels , Samuel Vaiter , Michael Arbel

In this work, we propose different formulations and gradient-based algorithms for deterministic and stochastic bilevel problems with conflicting objectives in the lower level. Such problems have received little attention in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) has been integrated into many machine learning paradigms recently, including hyperparameter optimization, meta learning, and reinforcement learning. Along with the wide range of applications, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xuelin Zhang , Hong Chen , Bin Gu , Tieliang Gong , Feng Zheng

We propose a variable smoothing algorithm for solving nonconvexly constrained nonsmooth optimization problems. The target problem has two issues that need to be addressed: (i) the nonconvex constraint and (ii) the nonsmooth term. To handle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-04 Keita Kume , Isao Yamada

Learning to Optimize (L2O) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) in which ML models are trained to solve parametric optimization problems. The general goal is to learn a fast approximator of solutions to constrained optimization problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 James Kotary , Himanshu Sharma , Ethan King , Draguna Vrabie , Ferdinando Fioretto , Jan Drgona

Bilevel optimization has recently attracted significant attention in machine learning due to its wide range of applications and advanced hierarchical optimization capabilities. In this paper, we propose a plug-and-play framework, named…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Tianshu Chu , Dachuan Xu , Wei Yao , Chengming Yu , Jin Zhang