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In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Chang Hu

In this work, we prove the new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes proposed in a companion paper. This pattern reveals a decomposition of amplitudes into a sum of gluings of lower-point amplitudes under specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-11 Yong Zhang

We present a new formulation for Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in any number of dimensions and at any loop order, based on the same combinatorial and binary-geometric ideas in kinematic space recently used to give an all-order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-02 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Carolina Figueiredo , Song He

We propose a new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, where they decompose into a sum of gluings of two lower-point amplitudes by setting specific two-point non-planar Mandelstam variables within a rectangular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Alfredo Guevara , Yong Zhang

We calculate form factors of half-BPS operators in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory at tree level and one loop using novel applications of recursion relations and unitarity. In particular, we determine the expression of the one-loop form factors…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-03 Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini , Gang Yang

Recently, based on the curve-integral formulation for stringy Tr$\phi^3$ amplitudes, a combinatorial formulation for Yang-Mills amplitudes has been proposed which describes gluons using pairs of scalars and produces the $n$-gluon amplitude…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 Jin Dong , Yong-Xiang Su , Dongyu Yang

The calculation of scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory at loop level is important for the analysis of background processes at particle colliders as well as our understanding of perturbation theory at the quantum level. We present…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Rutger H. Boels , Reinke Sven Isermann

We demonstrate that the tree level amplitudes and the explicit formulas of soft factors can be uniquely determined by soft theorems and the universality of soft factors. By imposing the soft theorems and the universality, as well as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

We argue that the scattering amplitudes in the maximally supersymmetric N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory possess a new symmetry which extends the previously discovered dual conformal symmetry. To reveal this property we formulate the scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-22 J. M. Drummond , J. Henn , G. P. Korchemsky , E. Sokatchev

We elaborate the two-fold simplex-like structures of tree amplitudes in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills (N=4 SYM), through its connection to a mathematical structure known as the positive Grassmannian. Exploiting the reduced…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Junjie Rao

The double-copy construction for form factors was reported in our previous work, in which a novel mechanism of turning spurious poles in Yang-Mills theory into physical poles in gravity is observed. This paper is the first of a series of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-16 Guanda Lin , Gang Yang

Tree level multi-trace Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes have been shown to satisfy a recursive expansion formula, which expresses any YMS amplitude by those with fewer gluons and/or scalar traces. In an earlier work, the single-trace…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Yi-Jian Du , Kang Zhou

The recently-developed "scalar-scaffolding" formulation of gluon amplitudes casts the Yang-Mills (YM) amplitude as a well-defined Laurent series expansion in scalar variables, valid for any spacetime dimension and helicity configuration. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Jeffrey V. Backus

Recently, by using the known structure of one-loop scattering amplitudes for gluons in Yang-Mills theory, a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes has been deduced. Here, we give a short and direct proof of this recursion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-07 Ruth Britto , Freddy Cachazo , Bo Feng , Edward Witten

We present the building blocks that can be combined to produce tree-level S-matrix elements of a variety of theories with various spins mixed in arbitrary dimensions. The new formulas for the scattering of $n$ massless particles are given…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 Freddy Cachazo , Song He , Ellis Ye Yuan

Britto, Cachazo and Feng have recently derived a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills. This relation has a bilinear structure inherited from factorisation on multi-particle poles of the scattering amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 James Bedford , Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

Pure Yang-Mills amplitudes with all external gluons carrying positive helicity, known as all-plus amplitudes, have an especially simple structure. The tree amplitudes vanish and, up to at least two loops, the loop-level amplitudes are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-21 Gustav Mogull

The planar three-gluon form factor for the chiral stress tensor operator in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is an analog of the Higgs-to-three-gluon scattering amplitude in QCD. The amplitude (symbol) bootstrap program has…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-17 Tianji Cai , François Charton , Kyle Cranmer , Lance J. Dixon , Garrett W. Merz , Matthias Wilhelm

Tree-level scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory have recently been shown to transform covariantly with respect to a 'dual' superconformal symmetry algebra, thus extending the conventional superconformal symmetry algebra…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-06-11 J. M. Drummond , J. M. Henn , J. Plefka

The construction of perturbative quantities on non-linear backgrounds leads to the possibility of incorporating strong field effects in perturbation theory. We continue a programme to construct QFT observables on self-dual backgrounds. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-15 Giuseppe Bogna , Lionel Mason
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