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While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Amrita Saha , Vardaan Pahuja , Mitesh M. Khapra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Sarath Chandar

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Wang Chen , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

Visual Question Generation (VQG) research focuses predominantly on natural images while neglecting the diagram, which is a critical component in educational materials. To meet the needs of pedagogical assessment, we propose the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xinyu Zhang , Lingling Zhang , Yanrui Wu , Muye Huang , Wenjun Wu , Bo Li , Shaowei Wang , Basura Fernando , Jun Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by incorporating external knowledge with parametric memory of language models, has become the state-of-the-art architecture for open-domain QA tasks. However, common knowledge bases are inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Zhebin Zhang , Xinyu Zhang , Yuanhang Ren , Saijiang Shi , Meng Han , Yongkang Wu , Ruofei Lai , Zhao Cao

Question generation (QG) is to generate natural and grammatical questions that can be answered by a specific answer for a given context. Previous sequence-to-sequence models suffer from a problem that asking high-quality questions requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Xin Jia , Hao Wang , Dawei Yin , Yunfang Wu

Two types of knowledge, triples from knowledge graphs and texts from documents, have been studied for knowledge aware open-domain conversation generation, in which graph paths can narrow down vertex candidates for knowledge selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Zhibin Liu , Zheng-Yu Niu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

This study investigates the task of knowledge-based question generation (KBQG). Conventional KBQG works generated questions from fact triples in the knowledge graph, which could not express complex operations like aggregation and comparison…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Guanming Xiong , Junwei Bao , Wen Zhao , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

This paper investigates the role of dynamic external knowledge integration in improving counter-argument generation using Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs have shown promise in argumentative tasks, their tendency to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Anar Yeginbergen , Maite Oronoz , Rodrigo Agerri

In conversational search, the user's real search intent for the current turn is dependent on the previous conversation history. It is challenging to determine a good search query from the whole conversation context. To avoid the expensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Fengran Mo , Kelong Mao , Yutao Zhu , Yihong Wu , Kaiyu Huang , Jian-Yun Nie

Despite end-to-end neural systems making significant progress in the last decade for task-oriented as well as chit-chat based dialogue systems, most dialogue systems rely on hybrid approaches which use a combination of rule-based, retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Ashish Shrivastava , Kaustubh Dhole , Abhinav Bhatt , Sharvani Raghunath

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

This paper presents a recurrent hybrid model and training procedure for task-oriented dialogue systems based on Deep Recurrent Q-Networks (DRQN). The model copes with both tasks required for Dialogue Management: State Tracking and Decision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Carlos Miranda , Yacine Kessaci

Language models (LMs) have revolutionized the way we interact with information, but they often generate nonfactual text, raising concerns about their reliability. Previous methods use external knowledge as references for text generation to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Hongjin Qian , Zhicheng Dou , Jiejun Tan , Haonan Chen , Haoqi Gu , Ruofei Lai , Xinyu Zhang , Zhao Cao , Ji-Rong Wen

In specialized fields like the scientific domain, constructing large-scale human-annotated datasets poses a significant challenge due to the need for domain expertise. Recent methods have employed large language models to generate synthetic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 SeongKu Kang , Bowen Jin , Wonbin Kweon , Yu Zhang , Dongha Lee , Jiawei Han , Hwanjo Yu

The rise of personal assistants has made conversational question answering (ConvQA) a very popular mechanism for user-system interaction. State-of-the-art methods for ConvQA over knowledge graphs (KGs) can only learn from crisp…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Magdalena Kaiser , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Gerhard Weikum

In order to facilitate natural language understanding, the key is to engage commonsense or background knowledge. However, how to engage commonsense effectively in question answering systems is still under exploration in both research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Qianglong Chen , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Yin Zhang

Incorporating external knowledge into the response generation process is essential to building more helpful and reliable dialog agents. However, collecting knowledge-grounded conversations is often costly, calling for a better pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Zheng Zhang , Yasheng Wang , Yitong Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Large pre-trained language models have been shown to store factual knowledge in their parameters, and achieve state-of-the-art results when fine-tuned on downstream NLP tasks. However, their ability to access and precisely manipulate…

Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tavish McDonald , Brian Tsan , Amar Saini , Juanita Ordonez , Luis Gutierrez , Phan Nguyen , Blake Mason , Brenda Ng

This paper summarizes our contributions to the document-grounded dialog tasks at the 9th and 10th Dialog System Technology Challenges (DSTC9 and DSTC10). In both iterations the task consists of three subtasks: first detect whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-17 David Thulke , Nico Daheim , Christian Dugast , Hermann Ney