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Eye tracking tools are used in software engineering research to study various software development activities. However, a major limitation of these tools is their inability to track gaze data for activities that involve source code editing.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Sarah Fakhoury , Devjeet Roy , Harry Pines , Tyler Cleveland , Cole Peterson , Venera Arnaoudova , Bonita Sharif , Jonathan Maletic

We present a novel, web-based visual eye-tracking analytics tool called Gazealytics. Our open-source toolkit features a unified combination of gaze analytics features that support flexible exploratory analysis, along with annotation of…

Developers often encounter unfamiliar code during software maintenance which consumes a significant amount of time for comprehension, especially for novice programmers. Automated techniques that analyze a source code and present key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Ashutosh Rajput , Nakshatra Gupta , Sridhar Chimalakonda

The literature describes many visualization techniques for different types of data, tasks, and application contexts, and new techniques are proposed on a regular basis. Visualization surveys try to capture the immense space of techniques…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Abdulhaq Adetunji Salako , Christian Tominski

Eye-tracking has potential to provide rich behavioral data about human cognition in ecologically valid environments. However, analyzing this rich data is often challenging. Most automated analyses are specific to simplistic artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Karan Uppal , Jaeah Kim , Shashank Singh

Many toolkit developers seek to streamline the visualization programming process through structured support such as prescribed templates and example galleries. However, few projects examine how users organize their own visualization…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Melissa Lin , Heer Patel , Medina Lamkin , Hannah Bako , Leilani Battle

Static analysis remains one of the most popular approaches for detecting and correcting poor or vulnerable program code. It involves the examination of code listings, test results, or other documentation to identify errors, violations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Fitzroy D. Nembhard , Marco M. Carvalho

Mistake analysis in procedural activities is a critical area of research with applications spanning industrial automation, physical rehabilitation, education and human-robot collaboration. This paper reviews vision-based methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Konstantinos Bacharidis , Antonis A. Argyros

Live programming provides feedback on run-time behavior by visualizing concrete values of expressions close to the source code. When using such a local perspective on run-time behavior, programmers have to mentally reconstruct the control…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Patrick Rein , Christian Flach , Stefan Ramson , Eva Krebs , Robert Hirschfeld

An eye-tracking study of 18 developers reading and summarizing Java methods is presented. The developers provide a written summary for methods assigned to them. In total, 63 methods are used from five different systems. Previous studies on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Nahla J. Abid , Bonita Sharif , Natalia Dragan , Hend Alrasheed , Jonathan I. Maletic

Eye movements hold information about human perception, intention and cognitive state. Various algorithms have been proposed to identify and distinguish eye movements, particularly fixations, saccades, and smooth pursuits. A major drawback…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-04 Wolfgang Fuhl , Thiago Santini , Thomas Kuebler , Nora Castner , Wolfgang Rosenstiel , Enkelejda Kasneci

This paper proposes a visual analytics framework that addresses the complex user interactions required through a command-line interface to run analyses in distributed data analysis systems. The visual analytics framework facilitates the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Abdullah-Al-Raihan Nayeem , Mohammed Elshambakey , Todd Dobbs , Huikyo Lee , Daniel Crichton , Yimin Zhu , Chanachok Chokwitthaya , William J. Tolone , Isaac Cho

Software visualization approaches for code reviews are often implemented as standalone applications, which use static code analysis. The goal is to visualize the structural changes introduced by a pull / merge request to facilitate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Alexander Krause-Glau , Lukas Damerau , Malte Hansen , Wilhelm Hasselbring

Software testing is a fundamental process of software development, and prior work has shown that visualizations of test results support testers' decision-making. However, Human-Computer Interaction research on software testing has yet to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Brandon Lit , Anthony Maocheia-Ricci , Thomas Driscoll

Eye-tracking-while-reading corpora are a valuable resource for many different disciplines and use cases. Use cases range from studying the cognitive processes underlying reading to machine-learning-based applications, such as gaze-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Deborah N. Jakobi , David R. Reich , Paul Prasse , Jana M. Hofmann , Lena S. Bolliger , Lena A. Jäger

We introduce the Unity Perception package which aims to simplify and accelerate the process of generating synthetic datasets for computer vision tasks by offering an easy-to-use and highly customizable toolset. This open-source package…

Background: During software maintenance and development, the comprehension of program code is key to success. High-quality comments can help us better understand programs, but they're often missing or outmoded in today's programs. Automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yuxiang Zhu , Minxue Pan

When reading, we often have specific information that interests us in a text. For example, you might be reading this paper because you are curious about LLMs for eye movements in reading, the experimental design, or perhaps you wonder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cfir Avraham Hadar , Omer Shubi , Yoav Meiri , Amit Heshes , Yevgeni Berzak

Eye movement data are outputs of an analyser tracking the gaze when a person is inspecting a scene. These kind of data are of increasing importance in scientific research as well as in applications, e.g. in marketing and man-machine…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-13 Antti Penttinen , Anna-Kaisa Ylitalo

Program comprehension is an essential activity in software engineering. Not only does it often challenge professionals, but it can also hinder novices from advancing their programming skills. Gaze, an emerging modality in developer tools,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Peng Kuang , Emma Söderberg , April Yi Wang , Martin Höst