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Quantum metrology enables estimation of optical phase shifts with precision beyond the shot-noise limit. One way to exceed this limit is to use squeezed states, where the quantum noise of one observable is reduced at the expense of…

The maximum likelihood amplitude estimation algorithm (MLAE) is a practical solution to the quantum amplitude estimation problem with Heisenberg limit error convergence. We improve MLAE by using random depths to avoid the so-called critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 Xi Lu , Hongwei Lin

We study the precise phase estimation using squeezed states with photon losses present. Our exact quantum Fisher information calculation shows significant quantum enhancement and thus reveals the benchmark for practical quantum metrology in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-13 Xiao-Xiao Zhang , Yu-Xiang Yang , Xiang-Bin Wang

In order to implement fault-tolerant quantum computation, entanglement generation with low error probability and high success probability is required. We have proposed the use of squeezed coherent light as a probe to generate entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 Fumiaki Matsuoka , Akihisa Tomita , Atsushi Okamoto

High-precision sensors that exploit uniquely quantum phenomena have been shown to surpass the standard quantum limit of measurement precision. However, in the general scenario where multiple parameters are simultaneously encoded in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Berihu Teklu , Victor Montenegro

A number of problems in quantum state and system identification are addressed. Specifically, it is shown that the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach, already known to apply to quantum state tomography, is also applicable to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Kosut , Ian A. Walmsley , Herschel Rabitz

We consider estimation of a single unknown parameter embedded in a quantum state. Quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB) is the ultimate limit of the mean squared error for any unbiased estimator. While it can be achieved asymptotically for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zihao Gong , Boulat A. Bash

We study a sensor network of distributed Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) for the parallel (simultaneous) estimation of an arbitrary number $d \geq 1$ of phase shifts. The scheme uses a squeezed-vacuum state that is split between $d$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Marco Malitesta , Augusto Smerzi , Luca Pezzè

Multimode Gaussian quantum light, which includes multimode squeezed and multipartite quadrature entangled light, is a very general and powerful quantum resource with promising applications in quantum information processing and metrology. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Olivier Pinel , Julien Fade , Daniel Braun , Pu Jian , Nicolas Treps , Claude Fabre

Amplitude Estimation (AE) is a critical subroutine in many quantum algorithms, allowing for a quadratic speedup in various applications like those involving estimating statistics of various functions as in financial Monte Carlo simulations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Salvatore Certo , Anh Dung Pham , Daniel Beaulieu

Optical quantum computing, as well as quantum communication and sensing technology based on quantum correlations are in preparation. These require photodiodes for the detection of about 10^16 photons per second with close to perfect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Leif Albers , Jan-Malte Michaelsen , Roman Schnabel

We theoretically discuss the preservation of squeezing and continuous variable entanglement of two mode squeezed light when the two modes are subjected to unequal transmission. One of the modes is transmitted through a slow light medium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sulakshana Thanvanthri , Jianming Wen , Morton H. Rubin

Achieving the ultimate quantum precision in the estimation of multiple physical parameters simultaneously is a challenge in quantum metrology due to fundamental limitations and experimental challenges in harnessing the necessary quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Atmadev Rai , Danilo Triggiani , Paolo Facchi , Vincenzo Tamma

It was suggested in Ref. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 170802] that optical networks with relatively inexpensive overhead---single photon Fock states, passive optical elements, and single photon detection---can show significant improvements over…

Two path interferometry with coherent states and squeezed vacuum can achieve phase sensitivities close to the Heisenberg limit when the average photon number of the squeezed vacuum is close to the average photon number of the coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Takafumi Ono , Holger F. Hofmann

We present a framework for simultaneously estimating all four real parameters of a general two-channel unitary U(2) with Heisenberg-scaling precision. We derive analytical expressions for the quantum Fisher information matrix and show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Atmadev Rai , Danilo Triggiani , Paolo Facchi , Vincenzo Tamma

Absorption measurement is an exceptionally versatile tool for many applications in science and engineering. For absorption measurements using laser beams of light, the sensitivity is theoretically limited by the shot noise due to the…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-22 Fu Li , Tian Li , Marlan O. Scully , Girish S. Agarwal

Loss measurements are at the base of spectroscopy and imaging, thus perme- ating all the branches of science, from chemistry and biology to physics and material science. However, quantum mechanics laws set the ultimate limit to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-17 Elena Losero , Ivano Ruo-Berchera , Alice Meda , Alessio Avella , Marco Genovese

We identify precision limits for the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in multimode interferometers. Quantum strategies to enhance the multiparameter sensitivity are based on entanglement among particles, modes or combining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-01 Manuel Gessner , Luca Pezzè , Augusto Smerzi

We calculate the quantum Cram\'er--Rao bound for the sensitivity with which one or several parameters, encoded in a general single-mode Gaussian state, can be estimated. This includes in particular the interesting case of mixed Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Olivier Pinel , Pu Jian , Claude Fabre , Nicolas Treps , Daniel Braun