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In this paper we present with algebraic trees a novel notion of (continuum) trees which generalizes countable graph-theoretic trees to (potentially) uncountable structures. For that purpose we focus on the tree structure given by the branch…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Wolfgang Löhr , Anita Winter

The vector space spanned by rooted forests admits two graded bialgebra structures. The first is defined by A. Connes and D. Kreimer using admissible cuts, and the second is defined by D. Calaque, K. Ebrahimi-Fard and the second author using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-12 Mohamed Belhaj Mohamed , Dominique Manchon

We consider the space of complete and separable metric spaces which are equipped with a probability measure. A notion of convergence is given based on the philosophy that a sequence of metric measure spaces converges if and only if all…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-06-13 Andreas Greven , Peter Pfaffelhuber , Anita Winter

We provide a short combinatorial proof of Cayley's formula by means of a bijective map to an outcome space of an urn-drawing problem. Furthermore we introduce an algebraic structure on the set of labeled trees, which provides a more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Victor N. Ermolaev , Giulio Iacobelli

An order-theoretic forest is a countable partial order such that the set of elements larger than any element is linearly ordered. It is an order-theoretic tree if any two elements have an upper-bound. The order type of a branch can be any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle

We show that the collection of regular Borel measures on a second-countable locally compact Hausdorff space has the structure of a sheaf. With this we give an alternate description of the pullback of a regular Borel measure along a local…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Jonas Eidesen

We are interested in the quantitative analysis of the compaction ratio for two classical families of trees: recursive trees and plane binary increasing trees. These families are typical representatives of tree models with a small depth.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Bernhard Gittenberger , Isabella Larcher , Mehdi Naima

We first show that increasing trees are in bijection with set compositions, extending simultaneously a recent result on trees due to Tonks and a classical result on increasing binary trees. We then consider algebraic structures on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederic Patras , Manfred Schocker

In this article, we introduce a formal definition of the concept of probability tree and conduct a detailed and comprehensive study of its fundamental structural properties. In particular, we define what we term an inductive probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Diego A. Mejía , Andrés F. Uribe-Zapata

We show that several new classes of groups are measure strongly treeable. In particular, finitely generated groups admitting planar Cayley graphs, elementarily free groups, and the group of isometries of the hyperbolic plane and all its…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Clinton T. Conley , Damien Gaboriau , Andrew S. Marks , Robin D. Tucker-Drob

In this paper we investigate undirected discrete graphical tree models when all the variables in the system are binary, where leaves represent the observable variables and where all the inner nodes are unobserved. A novel approach based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-06 Piotr Zwiernik , Jim Q. Smith

We introduce a generalization of Kingman's coalescent on $[n]$ that we call the Kingman coalescent on a graph $G = ([n],E)$. Specifically, we generalize a forest valued representation of the coalescent introduced in Addario-Berry and Eslava…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Louigi Addario-Berry , Caelan Atamanchuk , Maxwell Kaye

The Rabin tree theorem yields an algorithm to solve the satisfiability problem for monadic second-order logic over infinite trees. Here we solve the probabilistic variant of this problem. Namely, we show how to compute the probability that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Damian Niwiński , Paweł Parys , Michał Skrzypczak

Quasi-trees generalize trees in that the unique "path" between two nodes may be infinite and have any countable order type. They are used to define the rank-width of a countable graph in such a way that it is equal to the least upper-bound…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle

This paper introduces a new combinatorial framework for modeling the growth of binary trees through a discrete evolution process that incorporates a growing rule and an extinction rule. Building upon the theory of increasingly labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

We consider the problem of computing the measure of a regular set of infinite binary trees. While the general case remains unsolved, we show that the measure of a language can be computed when the set is given in one of the following three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Marcin Przybyłko , Michał Skrzypczak

Ge, Rusjan, and Zweifel (J. Stat. Phys. 59, 1265 (1990)) introduced a binary tree which represents all the periodic windows in the chaotic regime of iterated one-dimensional unimodal maps. We consider the scaling behavior in a modified tree…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-22 Jukka A. Ketoja , Juhani Kurkijarvi

We consider fixed-point equations for probability measures charging measured compact metric spaces that naturally yield continuum random trees. On the one hand, we study the existence/uniqueness of the fixed-points and the convergence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Nicolas Broutin , Henning Sulzbach

In this paper we consider two aspects of the inverse problem of how to construct merge trees realizing a given barcode. Much of our investigation exploits a recently discovered connection between the symmetric group and barcodes in general…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Justin Curry , Jordan DeSha , Adélie Garin , Kathryn Hess , Lida Kanari , Brendan Mallery

In this paper, we provide new insights and analysis for the two elementary tree-based data structures - the AVL tree and binary heap. We presented two simple properties that gives a more direct way of relating the size of an AVL tree and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Russel L. Villacarlos , Jaime M. Samaniego , Arian J. Jacildo , Maria Art Antonette D. Clariño
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