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We consider a macroscopic system in contact with boundary reservoirs and/or under the action of an external field. We discuss the case in which the external forcing depends explicitly on time and drives the system from a nonequilibrium…
There is a long-standing question as to whether and to what extent it is possible to describe nonequilibrium systems in stationary states in terms of global thermodynamic functions. The positive answers have been obtained only for…
Understanding and manipulating work fluctuations in microscale and nanoscale systems are of both fundamental and practical interest. For example, in considering the Jarzynski equality $\langle e^{-\beta W} \rangle=e^{-\beta \Delta F}$, a…
Thermalization is the dynamical process by which a many-body system evolves toward a thermal equilibrium state that maximizes its entropy. In certain cases, however, the establishment of thermal equilibrium is significantly slowed down and…
The reformulation of nonequilibirum thermodynamics, to include the treatment of thermodynamic fluctuations, is applied to the hydrodynamic fluctuations of a simple fluid. It is shown that the nonequilibrium thermodynamic scheme leads to the…
The principle that heat spontaneously flows from higher temperature to lower temperature is a cornerstone of classical thermodynamics, often assumed to be independent of the sequence of interactions. While this holds true for macroscopic…
Regulation to a well-defined target state is a fundamental requirement for achieving reliable functionality in living systems and maintaining specific non-equilibrium states. The control of certain properties and functionalities of systems…
The extension of thermodynamic principles to active matter remains a challenge due to the non-equilibrium nature inherent to active systems. In this study, we introduce a framework to assess entropy in our minimal macroscopic experiment…
We consider damped stochastic systems in a controlled (time-varying) quadratic potential and study their transition between specified Gibbs-equilibria states in finite time. By the second law of thermodynamics, the minimum amount of work…
We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is…
From the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of a two-level system with variable energy-level gap $\Delta$, and a careful distinction between the Gibbs relation $dE = T dS + (E/\Delta) d\Delta$ and the energy balance equation $dE = \delta…
We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…
Starting for the Stillinger and Weber expression for the free energy of supercooled liquids, we extend the free energy to the case in which two time scales separate and the system is in quasi-equilibrium. The concept of an effective…
This paper investigates the non-equilibrium hydrodynamic behavior of a simple totally asymmetric interacting particle system of particles, antiparticles and holes on $\mathbb{Z}$. Rigorous hydrodynamic results apply to our model with a…
We take the perspective of open quantum systems and examine from their nonequilibrium dynamics the conditions when the physical quantities, their relations and the laws of thermodynamics become well defined and viable for quantum many body…
We prove a non-equilibrium functional central limit theorem for the position of a tagged particle in mean-zero one-dimensional zero-range process. The asymptotic behavior of the tagged particle is described by a stochastic differential…
In conventional thermodynamics, it is widely acknowledged that the realization of an isothermal process for a system requires a quasi-static controlling protocol. Here we propose and design a strategy to realize a finite-rate isothermal…
We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a heat engine operating between two finite-sized reservoirs with well-defined temperatures. Within the linear response regime, it is found that the uniform temperature of the two reservoirs at…
Microcanonical Thermodynamics allows the application of Statistical Mechanics on one hand to closed finite and even small systems and on the other to the largest,self-gravitating ones. However, one has to reconsider the fundamental…
In this paper we examine the behavior in temperature of the free energy on quantum systems in an arbitrary number of dimensions. We define from the free energy a function $C$ of the coupling constants and the temperature, which in the…