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This paper develops Bayesian sample size formulae for experiments comparing two groups. We assume the experimental data will be analysed in the Bayesian framework, where pre-experimental information from multiple sources can be represented…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-09 Haiyan Zheng , Thomas Jaki , James M. S. Wason

Hypothesis testing of structure in correlation and covariance matrices is of broad interest in many application areas. In high dimensions and/or small to moderate sample sizes, high error rates in testing is a substantial concern. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Ziyang Ding , David Dunson

Many popular Bayesian nonparametric priors can be characterized in terms of exchangeable species sampling sequences. However, in some applications, exchangeability may not be appropriate. We introduce a {novel and probabilistically coherent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Edoardo M. Airoldi , Thiago Costa , Federico Bassetti , Fabrizio Leisen , Michele Guindani

We consider a novel paradigm for Bayesian testing of hypotheses and Bayesian model comparison. Our alternative to the traditional construction of posterior probabilities that a given hypothesis is true or that the data originates from a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-01 Kaniav Kamary , Kerrie Mengersen , Christian P. Robert , Judith Rousseau

In this work we apply the methodology of integral priors to handle Bayesian model selection in binomial regression models with a general link function. These models are very often used to investigate associations and risks in…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-01 Diego Salmeron , Juan Antonio Cano , C. P. Robert

Bayesian inference gets its name from *Bayes's theorem*, expressing posterior probabilities for hypotheses about a data generating process as the (normalized) product of prior probabilities and a likelihood function. But Bayesian inference…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Thomas J. Loredo , Robert L. Wolpert

Updating $\textit{a priori}$ information given some observed data is the core tenet of Bayesian inference. Bayesian transfer learning extends this idea by incorporating information from a related dataset to improve the inference on the…

Science can be seen as a sequential process where each new study augments evidence to the existing knowledge. To have the best prospects to make an impact in this process, a new study should be designed optimally taking into account the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-03 Juha Karvanen , Mikko J. Sillanpää

Learning a sequence of tasks without access to i.i.d. observations is a widely studied form of continual learning (CL) that remains challenging. In principle, Bayesian learning directly applies to this setting, since recursive and one-off…

In high-dimensional problems, choosing a prior distribution such that the corresponding posterior has desirable practical and theoretical properties can be challenging. This begs the question: can the data be used to help choose a good…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Ryan Martin , Stephen G. Walker

Power and sample size analysis comprises a critical component of clinical trial study design. There is an extensive collection of methods addressing this problem from diverse perspectives. The Bayesian paradigm, in particular, has attracted…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-08 Jane Pan , Sudipto Banerjee

Hierarchical Bayesian methods enable information sharing across multiple related regression problems. While standard practice is to model regression parameters (effects) as (1) exchangeable across datasets and (2) correlated to differing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-15 Brian L. Trippe , Hilary K. Finucane , Tamara Broderick

The statistical evidence (or marginal likelihood) is a key quantity in Bayesian statistics, allowing one to assess the probability of the data given the model under investigation. This paper focuses on refining the power posterior approach…

Computation · Statistics 2013-06-14 Nial Friel , Merrilee Hurn , Jason Wyse

There has been increased interest in using prior information in statistical analyses. For example, in rare diseases, it can be difficult to establish treatment efficacy based solely on data from a prospective study due to low sample sizes.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-26 Ethan M. Alt , Matthew A. Psioda , Joseph G. Ibrahim

Bayes' rule has enabled innumerable powerful algorithms of statistical signal processing and statistical machine learning. However, when model misspecifications exist in prior and/or data distributions, the direct application of Bayes' rule…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Shixiong Wang

A new approach for Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and selection is proposed, based on the mixture model approach for hypothesis testing in Kaniav et al., 2014. Inheriting from the good properties of this approach, it extends BMA to cases…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-02 Merlin Keller , Kaniav Kamary

When using complex Bayesian models to combine information, the checking for consistency of the information being combined is good statistical practice. Here a new method is developed for detecting prior-data conflicts in Bayesian models…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-29 David J. Nott , Xueou Wang , Michael Evans , Berthold-Georg Englert

Testing the equality of two proportions is a common procedure in science, especially in medicine and public health. In these domains it is crucial to be able to quantify evidence for the absence of a treatment effect. Bayesian hypothesis…

The random-effects or normal-normal hierarchical model is commonly utilized in a wide range of meta-analysis applications. A Bayesian approach to inference is very attractive in this context, especially when a meta-analysis is based only on…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-29 Christian Röver

We propose a model-based lifelong reinforcement-learning approach that estimates a hierarchical Bayesian posterior distilling the common structure shared across different tasks. The learned posterior combined with a sample-based Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Haotian Fu , Shangqun Yu , Michael Littman , George Konidaris