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Quantum state tomography (QST) is a fundamental task in quantum information science that aims to reconstruct unknown quantum states from measurement data. However, the exponential growth of Hilbert-space dimension with system size makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Quantum state tomography--the practice of estimating a quantum state by performing measurements on it--is useful in a variety of contexts. We introduce "gentle tomography" as a version of tomography that preserves the measured quantum data.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles H. Bennett , Aram W. Harrow , Seth Lloyd

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

Quantum incompatibility, referred as the phenomenon that some quantum measurements cannot be performed simultaneously, is necessary for various quantum information processing tasks, such as nonlocality and steering. When these applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Xiaolin Zhang , Rui Qu , Zehong Chang , Yunlong Wang , Zhenyu Guo , Min An , Hong Gao , Fuli Li , Pei Zhang

Quantum coherence is the most fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. The usual understanding of it depends on the choice of the basis, that is, the coherence of the same quantum state is different within different reference framework. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-17 Chang-shui Yu , Yi-ren Yang , Bao-qing Guo

We present a method for quantum state tomography that enables the efficient estimation, with fixed precision, of any of the matrix elements of the density matrix of a state, provided that the states from the basis in which the matrix is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ariel Bendersky , Juan Pablo Paz

It is natural to ask how to utilize actual measurements, such as the so-called IQ-plane data obtained in the dispersive readout of transmon qubits, in the estimation of the state of a quantum system. We formulate the joint problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Georgios Korpas , Jakub Marecek

Amongst the multitude of state reconstruction techniques, the so-called "quantum tomography" seems to be the most fruitful. In this letter, I will start by developing the mathematical apparatus of quantum tomography and, later, I will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Paini

In this study the determinant of the average quadratic error matrix is used as the measure of state estimation efficiency. This quantity is easily computable in some cases, so it gives us a reasonable tool to find optimal measurement setup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-10 Denes Petz , Laszlo Ruppert

Tomography is an indispensable part of quantum computation as it enables diagnosis of a quantum process through state reconstruction. Existing tomographic protocols are based on determining expectation values of various Pauli operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-26 Tanay Roy , Ziqian Li , Eliot Kapit , David I. Schuster

The notion of a macroscopic quantum state must be pinned down in order to assess how well experiments probe the large-scale limits of quantum mechanics. However, the issue of quantifying so-called quantum macroscopicity is fraught with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Benjamin Yadin , Matteo Fadel

Characterizing complex quantum systems is a vital task in quantum information science. Quantum tomography, the standard tool used for this purpose, uses a well-designed measurement record to reconstruct quantum states and processes. It is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Amir Kalev , Robert L. Kosut , Ivan H. Deutsch

When experimental errors are ignored in an experiment, the subsequent analysis of its results becomes questionable. We develop tests to detect systematic errors in quantum experiments where only a finite amount of data is recorded and apply…

Quantum tomography requires repeated measurements of many copies of the physical system, all prepared by a source in the unknown state. In the limit of very many copies measured, the often-used maximum-likelihood (ML) method for converting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-09 Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

We introduce an operational and statistically meaningful measure, the quantum tomographic transfer function, that possesses important physical invariance properties for judging whether a given informationally complete quantum measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Jaroslav Rehacek , Yong Siah Teo , Zdenek Hradil

The goal of demonstrating a quantum advantage with currently available experimental systems is of utmost importance in quantum information science. While this remains elusive for quantum computation, the field of communication complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-16 Niraj Kumar , Iordanis Kerenidis , Eleni Diamanti

Quantum state tomography is the problem of estimating a given quantum state. Usually, it is required to run the quantum experiment - state preparation, state evolution, measurement - several times to be able to estimate the output quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shibdas Roy , Filippo Caruso , Srushti Patil , Anumita Mukhopadhyay

Determining the state of a quantum system is a consuming procedure. For this reason, whenever one is interested only in some particular property of a state, it would be desirable to design a measurement setup that reveals this property with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-02 Claudio Carmeli , Teiko Heinosaari , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

Recently, a technique known as quantum symmetry test has gained increasing attention for detecting bipartite entanglement in pure quantum states. In this work we show that, beyond qualitative detection, a family of well-defined measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Xiaoyu Liu , Jordi Tura , Albert Rico

The optimal state determination (or tomography) is studied for a composite system of two qubits when measurements can be performed on one of the qubits and interactions of the two qubits can be implemented. The goal is to minimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Petz , K. M. Hangos , A. Szanto , F. Szollosi