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Due to several physical limitations in the realisation of quantum hardware, today's quantum computers are qualified as Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. NISQ hardware is characterized by a small number of qubits (50 to a few…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Siyuan Niu , Adrien Suau , Gabriel Staffelbach , Aida Todri-Sanial

Executing quantum circuits on superconducting platforms requires balancing the trade-off between gate errors and crosstalk. To address this, we introduce SurgeQ, a hardware-software co-design strategy consisting of a design phase and an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Xinxuan Chen , Hongxiang Zhu , Zhaohui Yang , Zhaofeng Su , Jianxin Chen , Feng Wu , Hui-Hai Zhao

Quantum algorithms can be realized in the form of a quantum circuit. To map quantum circuit for specific quantum algorithm to quantum hardware, qubit mapping is an imperative technique based on the qubit topology. Due to the neighbourhood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti

The rapid advancement of quantum computing has spurred widespread adoption, with cloud-based quantum devices gaining traction in academia and industry. This shift raises critical concerns about the privacy and security of computations on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Wei Jie Bryan Lee , Siyi Wang , Suman Dutta , Walid El Maouaki , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Current quantum devices typically lack full qubit connectivity, making it difficult to directly execute logical circuits on quantum devices. This limitation necessitates quantum circuit mapping algorithms to insert SWAP gates, dynamically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Kang Xu , Yukun Wang , Dandan Li

Measurement for qubits plays a key role in quantum computation. Current methods for classifying states of single qubit in a superconducting multi-qubit system produce fidelities lower than expected due to the existence of crosstalk,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Zi-Feng Chen , Qi Zhou , Peng Duan , Wei-Cheng Kong , Hai-Feng Zhang , Guo-Ping Guo

With the progression into the quantum utility era, computing is shifting toward quantum-centric architectures, where multiple quantum processors collaborate with classical computing resources. Platforms such as IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Jinyang Li , Yuhong Song , Yipei Liu , Jianli Pan , Lei Yang , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

The limited number of qubits per chip remains a critical bottleneck in quantum computing, motivating the use of distributed architectures that interconnect multiple quantum processing units (QPUs). However, executing quantum algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Brayden Goldstein-Gelb , Kun Liu , John M. Martyn , Hengyun , Zhou , Yongshan Ding , Yuan Liu

Fingerprinting of quantum computer devices is a new threat that poses a challenge to shared, cloud-based quantum computers. Fingerprinting can allow adversaries to map quantum computer infrastructures, uniquely identify cloud-based devices…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Allen Mi , Shuwen Deng , Jakub Szefer

Noise is a significant obstacle to quantum computing, and $ZZ$ crosstalk is one of the most destructive types of noise affecting superconducting qubits. Previous approaches to suppressing $ZZ$ crosstalk have mainly relied on specific chip…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-16 Lei Xie , Jidong Zhai , Zhenxing Zhang , Jonathan Allcock , Shengyu Zhang , Yi-Cong Zheng

The use of quantum processing units (QPUs) promises speed-ups for solving computational problems. Yet, current devices are limited by the number of qubits and suffer from significant imperfections, which prevents achieving quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Hila Safi , Karen Wintersperger , Wolfgang Mauerer

As quantum networks evolve toward a full quantum Internet, reliable transmission in quantum multiple-input multiple-output (QuMIMO) settings becomes essential, yet remains difficult due to noise, crosstalk, and the mixing of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Shehbaz Tariq , Symeon Chatzinotas

The advancement of scalable quantum information processing relies on the accurate and parallel manipulation of a vast number of qubits, potentially reaching into the millions. Superconducting qubits, traditionally controlled through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Pan Shi , Jiahao Yuan , Fei Yan , Haifeng Yu

Near-term quantum computers are noisy and have limited connectivity between qubits. Compilers are required to introduce SWAP operations in order to perform two-qubit gates between non-adjacent qubits. SWAPs increase the number of gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Poulami Das , Suhas K. Vittal , Moinuddin Qureshi

Of the many potential hardware platforms, superconducting quantum circuits have become the leading contender for constructing a scalable quantum computing system. All current architecture designs necessitate a 2D arrangement of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 H. Mukai , K. Sakata , S. J. Devitt , R. Wang , Y. Zhou , Y. Nakajima , J. S. Tsai

Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes and color codes, are promising because quantum operations are realized by two-dimensionally (2D) arrayed quantum bits (qubits). However, physical wiring of electrodes to qubits is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-06 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Hayato Goto

Improvements to the functionality of modern Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have coincided with an increase in the total number of physical qubits. Quantum programmers do not commonly design circuits that directly utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jeremie Pope , Swaroop Ghosh

The rapid expansion of quantum cloud services has led to long job queues due to single-tenant execution models that underutilize hardware resources. Quantum multi-programming (QMP) mitigates this by executing multiple circuits in parallel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Miguel Palma , Shuwen Kan , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Kaixun Hua , Sara Mouradian , Ying Mao

Quantum computers with a limited qubit connectivity require inserting SWAP gates for qubit routing, which increases gate execution errors and the impact of environmental noise due to an overhead in circuit depth. In this work, we benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Vicente Pina-Canelles , Adrian Auer , Inés de Vega

Near-term quantum systems tend to be noisy. Crosstalk noise has been recognized as one of several major types of noises in superconducting Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Crosstalk arises from the concurrent execution of…