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Simple Stochastic Games (SSGs) were introduced by Anne Condon in 1990, as the simplest version of Stochastic Games for which there is no known polynomial-time algorithm. Condon showed that Stochastic Games are polynomial-time reducible to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Avi Rudich , Isaac Rudich , Rachel Rue

In this paper we first present a novel operator extrapolation (OE) method for solving deterministic variational inequality (VI) problems. Similar to the gradient (operator) projection method, OE updates one single search sequence by solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Georgios Kotsalis , Guanghui Lan , Tianjiao Li

Variational inequalities (VIs) encompass many fundamental problems in diverse areas ranging from engineering to economics and machine learning. However, their considerable expressivity comes at the cost of computational intractability. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Anagnostides , Emanuel Tewolde , Ratip Emin Berker , Gabriele Farina , Vincent Conitzer , Tuomas Sandholm

This paper considers a variational inequality (VI) problem arising from a game among multiple agents, where each agent aims to minimize its own cost function subject to its constrained set represented as the intersection of a (possibly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Abhishek Chakraborty , Angelia Nedić

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are used to model stochastic systems in many applications. Several efficient algorithms to compute optimal policies have been studied in the literature, including value iteration (VI) and policy iteration.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-30 Vineet Goyal , Julien Grand-Clement

Value iteration (VI) is a foundational dynamic programming method, important for learning and planning in optimal control and reinforcement learning. VI proceeds in batches, where the update to the value of each state must be completed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Tian Tian , Kenny Young , Richard S. Sutton

State-of-the-art methods for solving 2-player zero-sum imperfect information games rely on linear programming or regret minimization, though not on dynamic programming (DP) or heuristic search (HS), while the latter are often at the core of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aurélien Delage , Olivier Buffet , Jilles S. Dibangoye , Abdallah Saffidine

Stochastic Gradient (SG) is the defacto iterative technique to solve stochastic optimization (SO) problems with a smooth (non-convex) objective $f$ and a stochastic first-order oracle. SG's attractiveness is due in part to its simplicity of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-08 David Newton , Raghu Bollapragada , Raghu Pasupathy , Nung Kwan Yip

The optimization problems associated with training generative adversarial neural networks can be largely reduced to certain {\em non-monotone} variational inequality problems (VIPs), whereas existing convergence results are mostly based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Chaobing Song , Zhengyuan Zhou , Yichao Zhou , Yong Jiang , Yi Ma

Gimbert and Horn gave an algorithm for solving simple stochastic games with running time O(r! n) where n is the number of positions of the simple stochastic game and r is the number of its coin toss positions. Chatterjee et al. pointed out…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-21 Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Peter Bro Miltersen

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are standard models for probabilistic systems with non-deterministic behaviours. Long-run average rewards provide a mathematically elegant formalism for expressing long term performance. Value iteration (VI)…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Pranav Ashok , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Przemyslaw Daca , Jan Křetínský , Tobias Meggendorfer

We study turn-based stochastic zero-sum games with lexicographic preferences over reachability and safety objectives. Stochastic games are standard models in control, verification, and synthesis of stochastic reactive systems that exhibit…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Maximilian Weininger , Tobias Winkler

This paper focuses on non-monotone stochastic variational inequalities (SVIs) that may not have a unique solution. A commonly used efficient algorithm to solve VIs is the Popov method, which is known to have the optimal convergence rate for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Daniil Vankov , Angelia Nedich , Lalitha Sankar

While Value Iteration (VI) is one of the most fundamental algorithms in Reinforcement Learning, its theoretical convergence guarantees still exhibit a persistent mismatch with empirical behavior. In the discounted-reward case, classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Arsenii Mustafin , Xinyi Sheng , Dominik Baumann

Approximate dynamic programming algorithms, such as approximate value iteration, have been successfully applied to many complex reinforcement learning tasks, and a better approximate dynamic programming algorithm is expected to further…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Tadashi Kozuno , Eiji Uchibe , Kenji Doya

Solving stochastic games with the reachability objective is a fundamental problem, especially in quantitative verification and synthesis. For this purpose, bounded value iteration (BVI) attracts attention as an efficient iterative method.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Kittiphon Phalakarn , Toru Takisaka , Thomas Haas , Ichiro Hasuo

We consider concurrent games played on graphs. At every round of a game, each player simultaneously and independently selects a move; the moves jointly determine the transition to a successor state. Two basic objectives are the safety…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-09-25 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Luca de Alfaro , Thomas A. Henzinger

We study monotone variational inequalities that can arise as optimality conditions for constrained convex optimisation or convex-concave minimax problems and propose a novel algorithm that uses only one gradient/operator evaluation and one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Michael Sedlmayer , Dang-Khoa Nguyen , Radu Ioan Bot

We consider a stochastic variant of the packing-type integer linear programming problem, which contains random variables in the objective vector. We are allowed to reveal each entry of the objective vector by conducting a query, and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Takanori Maehara , Yutaro Yamaguchi

For min-max optimization and variational inequalities problems (VIP) encountered in diverse machine learning tasks, Stochastic Extragradient (SEG) and Stochastic Gradient Descent Ascent (SGDA) have emerged as preeminent algorithms. Constant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-30 Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Angeliki Giannou , Yudong Chen , Qiaomin Xie