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We introduce new classes of hydrodynamic theories inspired by the recently discovered fracton phases of quantum matter. Fracton phases are characterized by elementary excitations (fractons) with restricted mobility. The hydrodynamic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-07-29 Andrey Gromov , Andrew Lucas , Rahul M. Nandkishore

In conductors with a very small density of defects, electrons at low temperatures collide predominantly with the edges of a sample. Therefore, the ballistic regime of charge and heat transport is realized. The application of a perpendicular…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 A. N. Afanasiev , P. S. Alekseev , A. A. Greshnov , M. A. Semina

Electron hydrodynamics encompasses the exotic fluid-like behavior of electrons in two-dimensional materials such as graphene. It accounts for superballistic conduction, also known as the Gurzhi effect, where increasing temperature reduces…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Jorge Estrada-Álvarez , Elena Díaz , Francisco Domínguez-Adame

Electrons behave like a classical fluid with a momentum distribution function that varies slowly in space and time when the quantum mechanical carrier-carrier scattering dominates over all other scattering processes. Recent experiments in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-05-07 Derek Y. H. Ho , Indra Yudhistira , Nilotpal Chakraborty , Shaffique Adam

Our conventional understanding of optical responses in metals has been based on the Drude theory. In recent years, however, it has become possible to prepare ultrapure metallic samples where the electron-electron scattering becomes the most…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-04 Riki Toshio , Kazuaki Takasan , Norio Kawakami

Electron hydrodynamics is currently known to emerge only when electron-electron interaction dominates over the momentum-nonconserving scatterings of electrons, where the electron transport is described by a hydrodynamic equation. Here we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-05-25 Junji Fujimoto , Wataru Koshibae , Sadamichi Maekawa

Hydrodynamic electron transport in solids, governed by momentum-conserving electron-electron collisions, offers a unique framework to explore collective phenomena. Within this framework, correlated electron motion is modeled as viscous…

Generic interacting many-body quantum systems are believed to behave as classical fluids on long time and length scales. Due to rapid progress in growing exceptionally pure crystals, we are now able to experimentally observe this collective…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-01-08 Andrew Lucas , Kin Chung Fong

Hydrodynamic fluidity in condensed matter physics has been experimentally demonstrated only in a limited number of compounds due to the stringent conditions that must be met. Herein, we performed thermal and electrical transport experiments…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-25 Chang-woo Cho , Peipei Wang , Fangdong Tang , Sungkyun Park , Mingquan He , Rolf Lortz , Genda Gu , Qiang Li , Liyuan Zhang

Modern two dimensional conductors with low defect densities and strong electron-electron scattering are favorable platforms for formation of a viscous fluid of conduction electrons. Electric properties of these systems are determined by the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 A. N. Afanasiev , P. S. Alekseev

Viscous electron fluids have emerged recently as a new paradigm of strongly-correlated electron transport in solids. Here we report on a direct observation of the transition to this long-sought-for state of matter in a high-mobility…

The recent demonstrations of viscous hydrodynamic electron flow in two-dimensional electron systems poses serious questions to the validity of existing transport theories, including the ballistic model, the collision-induced and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Kirill Kapralov , Dmitry Svintsov

Recent experiments have observed hints of hydrodynamic electron flow in a number of materials, not all of which have an isotropic Fermi surface. We revisit these experiments in $\mathrm{PdCoO}_2$, a quasi-two-dimensional material whose…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-07-03 Caleb Q. Cook , Andrew Lucas

We consider the hydrodynamic flow of an electron fluid in a channel formed in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with no-slip boundary conditions. To generate vorticity in the fluid the flow is influenced by an array of micromagnets on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Jack N. Engdahl , Aydın Cem Keser , Thomas Schmidt , Oleg P. Sushkov

Hydrodynamics is a new paradigm of electron transport in high-mobility devices, where frequent electron collisions give rise to a collective electron flow profile. However, conventional descriptions of these flows, which are based on the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Nitay Ben-Shachar , Johannes Hofmann

We present the theory of thermoelectric transport in metals with long-lived quasiparticles, carefully addressing the interplay of electron-electron scattering as well as electron-impurity scattering, but neglecting electron-phonon…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-06-27 Andrew Lucas , Sankar Das Sarma

We propose an electro-hydrodynamics model to describe the dynamic evolution of a slender drop containing a dilute ionic surfactant on a naturally wettable surface, with a varying external electric field. This unified model reproduces…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-30 Weiqi Chu , Hangjie Ji , Qining Wang , Chang-jin "CJ'' Kim , Andrea L. Bertozzi

The free motion of charged colloids within ionic solutions and in the vicinity of charged boundaries, is a phenomenon that occurs in various natural, biological and industrial settings. Here, we develop an electrohydrodynamic lubrication…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-29 Anirban Chatterjee , Yacine Amarouchene , Thomas Salez

Interactions of charge carriers with lattice vibrations, or phonons, play a critical role in unconventional electronic transport of metals and semimetals. Recent observations of phonon-mediated collective electron flow in bulk semimetals,…

Recent experiments have revealed that novel nonequilibrium states consistent with the hydrodynamic description of electrons are realized in ultrapure graphene, which hosts the valley degrees of freedom. Here, we formulate a theory of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Ryotaro Sano , Daigo Oue , Mamoru Matsuo