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Fermat's principle is fully generalized to the case where a smooth interface separates two cone structures -- Lorentz-Finsler lightcones -- representing wave propagation in a potentially inhomogeneous, anisotropic, time-dependent and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Miguel Ángel Javaloyes , Steen Markvorsen , Enrique Pendás-Recondo , Miguel Sánchez

The use of the generalized Snell's law opens wide possibilities for the manipulation of transmitted and reflected wavefronts. However, known structures designed to shape reflection wave fronts suffer from significant parasitic reflections…

Optics · Physics 2017-04-14 Ana Díaz-Rubio , Viktar Asadchy , Amr Elsakka and , Sergei Tretyakov

We consider waves travelling in two different mediums each endowed with a different constant speed of propagation. At the interface between the two mediums, the refraction of the rays of the optic geometry is described by the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Ludovick Gagnon

We investigate the motion of a massive particle constrained to move along a path consisting of two line segments on a vertical plane under an arbitrary conservative force. By fixing the starting and end points of the track and varying the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 KyungTae Kim , June-Haak Ee , Kyounghoon Kim , U-Rae Kim , Jungil Lee

We study the properties of least time trajectories for particles moving on a two dimensional surface which consists of piecewise homogeneous regions. The particles are assumed to move with different constant speeds on different regions and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 Pratik Mandrekar , Toby Joseph

We show existence of interfaces between two anisotropic materials so that light is refracted in accordance with a given pattern of energy. To do this we formulate a vector Snell law for anisotropic media when the wave fronts are given by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Cristian E. Gutierrez , Qingbo Huang , Henok Mawi

Light refraction, i.e. the bending of the path of a light wave at the interface between two different dielectric media, is ubiquitous in optics. Refraction arises from the different speed of light and is unavoidable in continuous media…

Optics · Physics 2018-02-14 Stefano Longhi

We consider the problem of a particle traveling from an initial configuration to a final configuration (given by a point in the plane along with a prescribed velocity vector) in minimum time with non-homogeneous velocity and with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-01-13 Ricardo G. Sanfelice , Sze Zheng Yong , Emilio Frazzoli

When an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between two homogeneous media with different refractive indices, the requirement of phase continuity across the interface generally leads to a shift in the trajectory of…

Optics · Physics 2016-04-13 Stéphane Larouche , David R. Smith

Artificial gauge fields enable extending the control over dynamics of uncharged particles, by engineering the potential landscape such that the particles behave as if effective external fields are acting on them. Recent years have witnessed…

Finsler geometry is a natural and fundamental generalization of Riemann geometry, and is a tool to research Lorentz invariance violation. We find the connection between the most general modified dispersion relation and a pseudo-Finsler…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-02 Jie Zhu , Bo-Qiang Ma

A cornerstone equation of optics, Snell's law, relates the angles of incidence and refraction for light passing through an interface between two media. It is built on two fundamental constrains: the conservation of tangential momentum and…

Optics · Physics 2015-07-20 Amr Shaltout , Alexander Kildishev , Vladimir Shalaev

Control of self-propelled particles is central to the development of many microrobotic technologies, from dynamically reconfigurable materials to advanced lab-on-a-chip systems. However, there are few physical principles by which particle…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-14 Tyler D. Ross , Dino Osmanović , John F. Brady , Paul W. K. Rothemund

In anisotropic crystals, Maxwell's equations permit only birefringence for the propagation of light. Notwithstanding, multirefringent systems comprising more than two propagating modes exist, such as in electron optics and photonic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 József Cserti , Áron Holló , László Oroszlány

In this paper, we consider the reflection and transmission problem of waves by a rapidly oscillating rough interface that exhibits general mixing properties. Using an asymptotic analysis based on a separation of scales, corresponding to a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Christophe Gomez , Knut Sølna

We study the isotropic elastic wave equation in a bounded domain with boundary with coefficients having jumps at a nested set of interfaces satisfying the natural transmission conditions there. We analyze in detail the microlocal behavior…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-02 Plamen Stefanov , Gunther Uhlmann , Andras Vasy

We consider the time dependent Maxwell system in the sense of distributions in the context of temporal interfaces. Just as with spatial interfaces, electromagnetic waves at temporal interfaces scatter and create a transmitted and reflected…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Cristian E. Gutiérrez , Eric Stachura

This paper presents investigations on the generalized laws of refraction and reflection for metasurfaces made of diffractive elements. It introduces a phenomenological model that reproduces all the features of the experiments dedicated to…

Optics · Physics 2020-06-12 Emmanuel Rousseau , Didier Felbacq

This paper provides a mathematical approach to study metasurfaces in non flat geometries. Analytical conditions between the curvature of the surface and the set of refracted directions are introduced to guarantee the existence of phase…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-20 Cristian E. Gutierrez , Luca Pallucchini , Eric Stachura

We study the problem of constructing an optical surface separating two homogeneous, isotropic media, one of which has a negative refractive index. In doing so, we develop a vector form of Snell's law, which is used to study surfaces…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-19 Cristian E. Gutierrez , Eric Stachura
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