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The text generated by large language models is commonly controlled by prompting, where a prompt prepended to a user's query guides the model's output. The prompts used by companies to guide their models are often treated as secrets, to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yiming Zhang , Nicholas Carlini , Daphne Ippolito

Target speech extraction (TSE) isolates the speech of a specific speaker from a multi-talker overlapped speech mixture. Most existing TSE models rely on discriminative methods, typically predicting a time-frequency spectrogram mask for the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Hao Ma , Rujin Chen , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Ju Liu , Xuelong Li

The widespread use of deep learning technology across various industries has made deep neural network models highly valuable and, as a result, attractive targets for potential attackers. Model extraction attacks, particularly query-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Li , Chenghui Shi , Yuwen Pu , Xuhong Zhang , Yu Li , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Adversarial attacks have become a major threat for machine learning applications. There is a growing interest in studying these attacks in the audio domain, e.g, speech and speaker recognition; and find defenses against them. In this work,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-12 Jesús Villalba , Sonal Joshi , Piotr Żelasko , Najim Dehak

In this paper, we propose dictionary attacks against speaker verification - a novel attack vector that aims to match a large fraction of speaker population by chance. We introduce a generic formulation of the attack that can be used with…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Mirko Marras , Pawel Korus , Anubhav Jain , Nasir Memon

Model extraction emerges as a critical security threat with attack vectors exploiting both algorithmic and implementation-based approaches. The main goal of an attacker is to steal as much information as possible about a protected victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Kevin Hector , Pierre-Alain Moellic , Mathieu Dumont , Jean-Max Dutertre

Adversarial examples have proven to threaten speaker identification systems, and several countermeasures against them have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the presence of adversarial examples, i.e., a binary…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Sonal Joshi , Thomas Thebaud , Jesús Villalba , Najim Dehak

Effective extraction and application of linguistic features are central to the enhancement of spoken Language IDentification (LID) performance. With the success of recent large models, such as GPT and Whisper, the potential to leverage such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Peng Shen , Xuguang Lu , Hisashi Kawai

The development of privacy-preserving automatic speaker verification systems has been the focus of a number of studies with the intent of allowing users to authenticate themselves without risking the privacy of their voice. However, current…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-28 Francisco Teixeira , Alberto Abad , Bhiksha Raj , Isabel Trancoso

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

Model extraction attacks are a kind of attacks in which an adversary obtains a new model, whose performance is equivalent to that of a target model, via query access to the target model efficiently, i.e., fewer datasets and computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Tatsuya Takemura , Naoto Yanai , Toru Fujiwara

Language models are prone to memorizing their training data, making them vulnerable to extraction attacks. While existing research often examines isolated setups, such as a single model or a fixed prompt, real-world adversaries have a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yash More , Prakhar Ganesh , Golnoosh Farnadi

The introduction of audio latent diffusion models possessing the ability to generate realistic sound clips on demand from a text description has the potential to revolutionize how we work with audio. In this work, we make an initial attempt…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-17 Dimitrios Bralios , Gordon Wichern , François G. Germain , Zexu Pan , Sameer Khurana , Chiori Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Speech models are often trained on sensitive data in order to improve model performance, leading to potential privacy leakage. Our work considers noise masking attacks, introduced by Amid et al. 2022, which attack automatic speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Matthew Jagielski , Om Thakkar , Lun Wang

Pre-trained large language models, such as GPT\nobreakdash-2 and BERT, are often fine-tuned to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a downstream task. One natural example is the ``Smart Reply'' application where a pre-trained model is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bargav Jayaraman , Esha Ghosh , Melissa Chase , Sambuddha Roy , Wei Dai , David Evans

In this work, we continue in our research on i-vector extractor for speaker verification (SV) and we optimize its architecture for fast and effective discriminative training. We were motivated by computational and memory requirements caused…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-10 Ondrej Novotny , Oldrich Plchot , Ondrej Glembek , Lukas Burget

Recent breakthroughs in language-queried audio source separation (LASS) have shown that generative models can achieve higher separation audio quality than traditional masking-based approaches. However, two key limitations restrict their…

Generative models learn the distribution of data from a sample dataset and can then generate new data instances. Recent advances in deep learning has brought forth improvements in generative model architectures, and some state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Luke A. Bauer , Vincent Bindschaedler

Speaker extraction aims to extract target speech signal from a multi-talker environment with interference speakers and surrounding noise, given the target speaker's reference information. Most speaker extraction systems achieve satisfactory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-12 Chengyun Deng , Shiqian Ma , Yi Zhang , Yongtao Sha , Hui Zhang , Hui Song , Xiangang Li

This paper studies model-inversion attacks, in which the access to a model is abused to infer information about the training data. Since its first introduction, such attacks have raised serious concerns given that training data usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Yuheng Zhang , Ruoxi Jia , Hengzhi Pei , Wenxiao Wang , Bo Li , Dawn Song