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In this work, we examine the advantages of using multiple types of behaviour in recommendation systems. Intuitively, each user has to do some implicit actions (e.g., click) before making an explicit decision (e.g., purchase). Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Quyen Tran , Lam Tran , Linh Chu Hai , Linh Ngo Van , Khoat Than

In recommendation systems (RS), user behavior data is observational rather than experimental, resulting in widespread bias in the data. Consequently, tackling bias has emerged as a major challenge in the field of recommendation systems.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 ZiJie Song , JiaWei Chen , Sheng Zhou , QiHao Shi , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

We observe that many system policies that make threshold decisions involving a resource (e.g., time, memory, cores) naturally reveal additional, or implicit feedback. For example, if a system waits X min for an event to occur, then it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Mathias Lécuyer , Sang Hoon Kim , Mihir Nanavati , Junchen Jiang , Siddhartha Sen , Amit Sharma , Aleksandrs Slivkins

Offline reinforcement learning refers to the process of learning policies from fixed datasets, without requiring additional environment interaction. However, it often relies on well-defined reward functions, which are difficult and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiancheng Gao , Yufeng Shi , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Standard methods in preference learning involve estimating the parameters of discrete choice models from data of selections (choices) made by individuals from a discrete set of alternatives (the choice set). While there are many models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Kiran Tomlinson , Johan Ugander , Austin R. Benson

Over the past decade, recommender systems have experienced a surge in popularity. Despite notable progress, they grapple with challenging issues, such as high data dimensionality and sparseness. Representing users and items as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Pedro R. Pires , Tiago A. Almeida

Extracting query-document relevance from the sparse, biased clickthrough log is among the most fundamental tasks in the web search system. Prior art mainly learns a relevance judgment model with semantic features of the query and document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Lixin Zou , Changying Hao , Hengyi Cai , Suqi Cheng , Shuaiqiang Wang , Wenwen Ye , Zhicong Cheng , Simiu Gu , Dawei Yin

Our goal is a mechanism for efficiently assigning scalar ratings to each of a large set of elements. For example, "what percent positive or negative is this product review?" When sample sizes are small, prior work has advocated for methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xu Han , Felix Yu , Joao Sedoc , Benjamin Van Durme

Position bias is a critical problem in information retrieval when dealing with implicit yet biased user feedback data. Unbiased ranking methods typically rely on causality models and debias the user feedback through inverse propensity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jiarui Jin , Yuchen Fang , Weinan Zhang , Kan Ren , Guorui Zhou , Jian Xu , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Kun Gai

Traditional recommender systems are typically passive in that they try to adapt their recommendations to the user's historical interests. However, it is highly desirable for commercial applications, such as e-commerce, advertisement…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Haoren Zhu , Hao Ge , Xiaodong Gu , Pengfei Zhao , Dik Lun Lee

Learning product representations that reflect complementary relationship plays a central role in e-commerce recommender system. In the absence of the product relationships graph, which existing methods rely on, there is a need to detect the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Da Xu , Chuanwei Ruan , Jason Cho , Evren Korpeoglu , Sushant Kumar , Kannan Achan

Recommendation models trained on the user feedback collected from deployed recommendation systems are commonly biased. User feedback is considerably affected by the exposure mechanism, as users only provide feedback on the items exposed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Hangtong Xu , Yuanbo Xu , Yongjian Yang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Hui Xiong

Learning from implicit user feedback is challenging as we can only observe positive samples but never access negative ones. Most conventional methods cope with this issue by adopting a pairwise ranking approach with negative sampling.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Riku Togashi , Masahiro Kato , Mayu Otani , Shin'ichi Satoh

Reward modeling represents a long-standing challenge in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning language models. Current reward modeling is heavily contingent upon experimental feedback data with high collection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hao Wang , Haocheng Yang , Licheng Pan , Lei Shen , Xiaoxi Li , Yinuo Wang , Zhichao Chen , Yuan Lu , Haoxuan Li , Zhouchen Lin

Self-reinforcing feedback loops in personalization systems are typically caused by users choosing from a limited set of alternatives presented systematically based on previous choices. We propose a Bayesian choice model built on Luce axioms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-22 Gökhan Çapan , Ilker Gündoğdu , Ali Caner Türkmen , Çağrı Sofuoğlu , Ali Taylan Cemgil

Academic research in recommender systems has been greatly focusing on the accuracy-related measures of recommendations. Even when non-accuracy measures such as popularity bias, diversity, and novelty are studied, it is often solely from the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Himan Abdollahpouri , Masoud Mansoury

The issue of popularity bias -- where popular items are disproportionately recommended, overshadowing less popular but potentially relevant items -- remains a significant challenge in recommender systems. Recent advancements have seen the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan Malte Lichtenberg , Alexander Buchholz , Pola Schwöbel

Side information is being used extensively to improve the effectiveness of sequential recommendation models. It is said to help capture the transition patterns among items. Most previous work on sequential recommendation that uses side…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yujie Lin , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Chenyang Wang , Qiang Yan , Maarten de Rijke , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengjie Ren

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning trains a binary classifier using only positive and unlabeled data. A common simplifying assumption is that the positive data is representative of the target positive class. This assumption rarely holds in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

While popularity bias is recognized to play a crucial role in recommmender (and other ranking-based) systems, detailed analysis of its impact on collective user welfare has largely been lacking. We propose and theoretically analyze a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Guy Tennenholtz , Martin Mladenov , Nadav Merlis , Robert L. Axtell , Craig Boutilier