English
Related papers

Related papers: A Theoretical Framework for Inference and Learning…

200 papers

Predictive Coding Networks (PCNs) aim to learn a generative model of the world. Given observations, this generative model can then be inverted to infer the causes of those observations. However, when training PCNs, a noticeable pathology is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Paul F Kinghorn , Beren Millidge , Christopher L Buckley

Predictive coding graphs (PCGs) are a recently introduced generalization to predictive coding networks, a neuroscience-inspired probabilistic latent variable model. Here, we prove how PCGs define a mathematical superset of feedforward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Björn van Zwol

Predictive Coding (PC) is a biologically-inspired learning framework characterised by local, parallelisable operations, properties that enable energy-efficient implementation on neuromorphic hardware. Despite this, extending PC effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tom Potter , Oliver Rhodes

Robotic systems operating at the edge require efficient online learning algorithms that can continuously adapt to changing environments while processing streaming sensory data. Traditional backpropagation, while effective, conflicts with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Darius Masoum Zadeh-Jousdani , Elvin Hajizada , Eyke Hüllermeier

Predictive coding is an influential theory of cortical function which posits that the principal computation the brain performs, which underlies both perception and learning, is the minimization of prediction errors. While motivated by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-13 Beren Millidge , Alexander Tschantz , Anil Seth , Christopher L Buckley

The biological implausibility of backpropagation (BP) has motivated many alternative, brain-inspired algorithms that attempt to rely only on local information, such as predictive coding (PC) and equilibrium propagation. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Francesco Innocenti , El Mehdi Achour , Christopher L. Buckley

Predictive coding (PC) is an influential computational model of visual learning and inference in the brain. Classical PC was proposed as a top-down generative model, where the brain actively predicts upcoming visual inputs, and inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Gaspard Oliviers , Mufeng Tang , Rafal Bogacz

Backpropagation (BP) of errors is the backbone training algorithm for artificial neural networks (ANNs). It updates network weights through gradient descent to minimize a loss function representing the mismatch between predictions and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Davide Casnici , Charlotte Frenkel , Justin Dauwels

Predictive coding networks are neural models that perform inference through an iterative energy minimization process, whose operations are local in space and time. While effective in shallow architectures, they suffer significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chang Qi , Matteo Forasassi , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Tommaso Salvatori

Backpropagation has rapidly become the workhorse credit assignment algorithm for modern deep learning methods. Recently, modified forms of predictive coding (PC), an algorithm with origins in computational neuroscience, have been shown to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Umais Zahid , Qinghai Guo , Zafeirios Fountas

The backpropagation of error algorithm used to train deep neural networks has been fundamental to the successes of deep learning. However, it requires sequential backward updates and non-local computations, which make it challenging to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Beren Millidge , Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Deep-predictive-coding networks (DPCNs) are hierarchical, generative models. They rely on feed-forward and feed-back connections to modulate latent feature representations of stimuli in a dynamic and context-sensitive manner. A crucial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Isaac J. Sledge , Jose C. Principe

Research aimed at scaling up neuroscience inspired learning algorithms for neural networks is accelerating. Recently, a key research area has been the study of energy-based learning algorithms such as predictive coding, due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Luca Pinchetti , Simon Frieder , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Tommaso Salvatori

Brain-inspired machine learning is gaining increasing consideration, particularly in computer vision. Several studies investigated the inclusion of top-down feedback connections in convolutional networks; however, it remains unclear how and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Andrea Alamia , Milad Mozafari , Bhavin Choksi , Rufin VanRullen

Deep learning has redefined the field of artificial intelligence (AI) thanks to the rise of artificial neural networks, which are architectures inspired by their neurological counterpart in the brain. Through the years, this dualism between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Rafal Bogacz , Zhenghua Xu

Predicting the output of quantum circuits is a hard computational task that plays a pivotal role in the development of universal quantum computers. Here we investigate the supervised learning of output expectation values of random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-01 S. Cantori , D. Vitali , S. Pilati

Predictive coding offers a potentially unifying account of cortical function -- postulating that the core function of the brain is to minimize prediction errors with respect to a generative model of the world. The theory is closely related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Beren Millidge , Anil Seth , Christopher L Buckley

The contribution of this paper is a framework for training and evaluation of Model Predictive Control (MPC) implemented using constrained neural networks. Recent studies have proposed to use neural networks with differentiable convex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-11 Rebecka Winqvist , Arun Venkitaraman , Bo Wahlberg

There is an increasing convergence between biologically plausible computational models of inference and learning with local update rules and the global gradient-based optimization of neural network models employed in machine learning. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Andre Ofner , Raihan Kabir Ratul , Suhita Ghosh , Sebastian Stober

Local learning, which trains a network through layer-wise local targets and losses, has been studied as an alternative to backpropagation (BP) in neural computation. However, its algorithms often become more complex or require additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Satoki Ishikawa , Rio Yokota , Ryo Karakida