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An algorithm is presented which generates pairs of oscillatory random time series which have identical periodograms but differ in the number of oscillations. This result indicate the intrinsic limitations of spectral methods when it comes…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 A. G. Rossberg

In this paper we present a wavelet based algorithm that is able to detect superimposed periodic signals in data with low signal-noise ratio. In this context, the results given by classical period determination methods highly depend on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 X. Otazu , M. Ribo , M. Peracaula , J. M. Paredes , J. Nunez

The periodogram is a popular tool that tests whether a signal consists only of noise or if it also includes other components. The main issue of this method is to define a critical detection threshold that allows identification of a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 R. Vio , P. Andreani , A. Biggs

Wind-generated waves are often treated as stochastic processes. There is particular interest in their spectral density functions, which are often expressed in some parametric form. Such spectral density functions are used as inputs when…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-26 Jake P. Grainger , Adam M. Sykulski , Philip Jonathan , Kevin Ewans

We discuss the derivation of the analytic properties of the cross-power spectrum estimator from multi-detector CMB anisotropy maps. The method is computationally convenient and it provides unbiased estimates under very broad assumptions. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Polenta , D. Marinucci , A. Balbi , P. de Bernardis , E. Hivon , S. Masi , P. Natoli , N. Vittorio

Multiple-frequency periodograms -- based on time series models consisting of two or more independent sinusoids -- have long been discussed. What is new here is the presentation of a practical, simple-to-use computational framework…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jeffrey D. Scargle , Sarah Wagner

In this work we consider the unbiased estimation of expectations w.r.t.~probability measures that have non-negative Lebesgue density, and which are known point-wise up-to a normalizing constant. We focus upon developing an unbiased method…

Computation · Statistics 2023-08-17 Hamza Ruzayqat , Neil K. Chada , Ajay Jasra

The use of multitaper estimates for spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is explored. Multitaper and multitaper-Welch estimators that use discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS) as orthogonal data windows are compared to the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-14 Oliver T. Schmidt

Estimating closely spaced frequency components of a signal is a fundamental problem in statistical signal processing. In this letter, we introduce 1-D real-valued and complex-valued shifted window (Swin) transformers, referred to as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Josiah W. Smith , Murat Torlak

We present a method for obtaining unbiased signal estimates in the presence of a significant unknown background, eliminating the need for a parametric model for the background itself. Our approach is based on a minimal set of conditions for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-26 Johannes Diehl , Jakob Knollmüller , Oliver Schulz

Statistical inference for a linear stochastic hyperbolic equation with two unknown parameters is studied. Based on observation of coordinates of the solution or their linear combination, minimum contrast estimators are introduced. Strong…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Josef Janák

In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems, a key challenge is balancing sidelobe attenuation and resolution for multi-target detection scenarios. While windowing functions are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Ali Al Khansa , Youssef Bahannis

Blind estimation of intersymbol interference channels based on the Baum-Welch (BW) algorithm, a specific implementation of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for training hidden Markov models, is robust and does not require labeled…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Chin-Hung Chen , Boris Karanov , Ivana Nikoloska , Wim van Houtum , Yan Wu , Alex Alvarado

A proposed method for dealing with foreground emission in upcoming 21-cm observations from the epoch of reionization is to limit observations to an uncontaminated window in Fourier space. Foreground emission can be avoided in this way,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 Hannes Jensen , Suman Majumdar , Garrelt Mellema , Adam Lidz , Ilian T. Iliev , Keri L. Dixon

We apply power series expansion to symmetric multi-well oscillators bounded by two infinite walls. The spectrum and expectation values obtained are compared with available exact and approximate values for the unbounded ones. It is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. A. Alhendi , E. I. Lashin

Unambiguous detection of signals superimposed on unknown trends is difficult for unevenly spaced data. Here, we formulate the Discrete Chi-square Method (DCM) that can determine the best model for many signals superimposed on arbitrary…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-27 Lauri Jetsu

Products of Gaussian noises often emerge as the result of non-linear detection techniques or as a parasitic effect, and their proper handling is important in many practical applications, including in fluctuation-enhanced sensing, indoor air…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-01-07 L. B. Kish , R. Mingesz , Z. Gingl , C. G. Granqvist

This contribution presents a novel Windowed Green Function (WGF) method for the solution of problems of wave propagation, scattering and radiation for structures which include open (dielectric) waveguides, waveguide junctions, as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-11 Oscar Bruno , Emmanuel Garza , Carlos Perez-Arancibia

The PARAFAC2 is a multimodal factor analysis model suitable for analyzing multi-way data when one of the modes has incomparable observation units, for example because of differences in signal sampling or batch sizes. A fully probabilistic…

This paper develops a method to upper-bound extreme-values of time-windowed risks for stochastic processes. Examples of such risks include the maximum average or 90% quantile of the current along a transmission line in any 5-minute window.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Jared Miller , Niklas Schmid , Matteo Tacchi , Didier Henrion , Roy S. Smith
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