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Emotion classifiers traditionally predict discrete emotions. However, emotion expressions are often subjective, thus requiring a method to handle subjective labels. We explore the use of crowdsourcing to acquire reliable soft-target labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Peter Washington , Onur Cezmi Mutlu , Emilie Leblanc , Aaron Kline , Cathy Hou , Brianna Chrisman , Nate Stockham , Kelley Paskov , Catalin Voss , Nick Haber , Dennis Wall

Learning against label noise is a vital topic to guarantee a reliable performance for deep neural networks. Recent research usually refers to dynamic noise modeling with model output probabilities and loss values, and then separates clean…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-13 Yingsong Huang , Bing Bai , Shengwei Zhao , Kun Bai , Fei Wang

Automatic emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is crucial for emotion-aware conversational artificial intelligence. This paper proposes a distribution-based framework that formulates ERC as a sequence-to-sequence problem for emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wen Wu , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

Telling stories is an integral part of human communication which can evoke emotions and influence the affective states of the audience. Automatically modeling emotional trajectories in stories has thus attracted considerable scholarly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Lukas Christ , Shahin Amiriparian , Manuel Milling , Ilhan Aslan , Björn W. Schuller

Crowdsourcing is a relatively economic and efficient solution to collect annotations from the crowd through online platforms. Answers collected from workers with different expertise may be noisy and unreliable, and the quality of annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Jingzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Carlotta Domeniconi , Xiangliang Zhang

Multimodal multi-label emotion recognition (MMER) aims to identify the concurrent presence of multiple emotions in multimodal data. Existing studies primarily focus on improving fusion strategies and modeling modality-to-label dependencies.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jingwang Huang , Jiang Zhong , Qin Lei , Jinpeng Gao , Yuming Yang , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Kaiwen Wei

Instance-dependent label noise is realistic but rather challenging, where the label-corruption process depends on instances directly. It causes a severe distribution shift between the distributions of training and test data, which impairs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Manyi Zhang , Yuxin Ren , Zihao Wang , Chun Yuan

While pre-trained language models excel at semantic understanding, they often struggle to capture nuanced affective information critical for affective recognition tasks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Seungah Son , Andrez Saurez , Dongsoo Har

Research in emotion analysis is scattered across different label formats (e.g., polarity types, basic emotion categories, and affective dimensions), linguistic levels (word vs. sentence vs. discourse), and, of course, (few well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sven Buechel , Luise Modersohn , Udo Hahn

Automatically recognising apparent emotions from face and voice is hard, in part because of various sources of uncertainty, including in the input data and the labels used in a machine learning framework. This paper introduces an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mani Kumar Tellamekala , Shahin Amiriparian , Björn W. Schuller , Elisabeth André , Timo Giesbrecht , Michel Valstar

Over the past two decades, speech emotion recognition (SER) has received growing attention. To train SER systems, researchers collect emotional speech databases annotated by crowdsourced or in-house raters who select emotions from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Huang-Cheng Chou , Chi-Chun Lee

We study estimating inherent human disagreement (annotation label distribution) in natural language inference task. Post-hoc smoothing of the predicted label distribution to match the expected label entropy is very effective. Such simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Shujian Zhang , Chengyue Gong , Eunsol Choi

Script Event Prediction (SEP) aims to predict the subsequent event for a given event chain from a candidate list. Prior research has achieved great success by integrating external knowledge to enhance the semantics, but it is laborious to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Shiyao Cui , Xin Cong , Jiawei Sheng , Xuebin Wang , Tingwen Liu , Jinqiao Shi

Automatic emotion recognition is an active research topic with wide range of applications. Due to the high manual annotation cost and inevitable label ambiguity, the development of emotion recognition dataset is limited in both scale and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Jingjun Liang , Ruichen Li , Qin Jin

Contemporary knowledge-based systems increasingly rely on multilingual emotion identification to support intelligent decision-making, yet they face major challenges due to emotional ambiguity and incomplete supervision. Emotion recognition…

Traditionally, in paralinguistic analysis for emotion detection from speech, emotions have been identified with discrete or dimensional (continuous-valued) labels. Accordingly, models that have been proposed for emotion detection use one or…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Roshan Sharma , Hira Dhamyal , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh

Graph Neural Networks have achieved impressive results across diverse network modeling tasks, but accurately estimating uncertainty on graphs remains difficult, especially under distributional shifts. Unlike traditional uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Fred Xu , Thomas Markovich

Annotator disagreement in emotion classification reflects ambiguity intrinsic to emotion concepts and is essential for predictor-quality assessment in subjective NLP. Yet no prior work integrates soft-label learning with Bayesian deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Keito Inoshita , Takato Ueno

In this paper, we consider a novel machine learning problem, that is, learning a classifier from noisy label distributions. In this problem, each instance with a feature vector belongs to at least one group. Then, instead of the true label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Yuya Yoshikawa

When recognizing emotions from speech, we encounter two common problems: how to optimally capture emotion-relevant information from the speech signal and how to best quantify or categorize the noisy subjective emotion labels.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-04 Sofoklis Kakouros , Themos Stafylakis , Ladislav Mosner , Lukas Burget