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Causal representation learning (CRL) models aim to transform high-dimensional data into a latent space, enabling interventions to generate counterfactual samples or modify existing data based on the causal relationships among latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alireza Sadeghi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents often fail to generalize to unseen scenarios, even when they are trained on many instances of semantically similar environments. Data augmentation has recently been shown to improve the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Roberta Raileanu , Max Goldstein , Denis Yarats , Ilya Kostrikov , Rob Fergus

Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, novel classes that were unseen during training often emerge, requiring models to acquire new knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Lucas Rakotoarivony

Deep learning techniques are often criticized to heavily depend on a large quantity of labeled data. This problem is even more challenging in medical image analysis where the annotator expertise is often scarce. We propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Florian Dubost , Gerda Bortsova , Hieab Adams , M. Arfan Ikram , Wiro Niessen , Meike Vernooij , Marleen de Bruijne

Spurious correlations threaten the validity of statistical classifiers. While model accuracy may appear high when the test data is from the same distribution as the training data, it can quickly degrade when the test distribution changes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Zhao Wang , Aron Culotta

Counterfactual explanations promote explainability in machine learning models by answering the question "how should an input instance be perturbed to obtain a desired predicted label?". The comparison of this instance before and after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Jing Ma , Ruocheng Guo , Saumitra Mishra , Aidong Zhang , Jundong Li

We propose a novel algorithm for data augmentation in nonlinear over-parametrized regression. Our data augmentation algorithm borrows from the literature on causality and extends the recently proposed Anchor regression (AR) method for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Nora Schneider , Shirin Goshtasbpour , Fernando Perez-Cruz

Obtaining large-scale labeled object detection dataset can be costly and time-consuming, as it involves annotating images with bounding boxes and class labels. Thus, some specialized active learning methods have been proposed to reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Yi-Syuan Liou , Tsung-Han Wu , Jia-Fong Yeh , Wen-Chin Chen , Winston H. Hsu

Temporal reasoning over tabular data presents substantial challenges for large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent research. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of temporal datasets to pinpoint the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Irwin Deng , Kushagra Dixit , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Data augmentation (DA) has been widely utilized to improve generalization in training deep neural networks. Recently, human-designed data augmentation has been gradually replaced by automatically learned augmentation policy. Through finding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Xinyu Zhang , Qiang Wang , Jian Zhang , Zhao Zhong

Supervised deep learning relies on the assumption that enough training data is available, which presents a problem for its application to several fields, like medical imaging. On the example of a binary image classification task (breast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Lukas Jendele , Ondrej Skopek , Anton S. Becker , Ender Konukoglu

Deep Learning (DL) Models for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), while delivering improved performance, have been shown to be quite vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing works improve robustness by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xu Wang , Tian Ye , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Causal generative modelling is gaining interest in medical imaging due to its ability to answer interventional and counterfactual queries. Most work focuses on generating counterfactual images that look plausible, using auxiliary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tian Xia , Mélanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Charles Jones , Ben Glocker

Most previous methods for text data augmentation are limited to simple tasks and weak baselines. We explore data augmentation on hard tasks (i.e., few-shot natural language understanding) and strong baselines (i.e., pretrained models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jing Zhou , Yanan Zheng , Jie Tang , Jian Li , Zhilin Yang

Given a limited labeling budget, active learning (AL) aims to sample the most informative instances from an unlabeled pool to acquire labels for subsequent model training. To achieve this, AL typically measures the informativeness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Cheng Chen , Yong Wang , Lizi Liao , Yueguo Chen , Xiaoyong Du

Continual learning is crucial for applying machine learning in challenging, dynamic, and often resource-constrained environments. However, catastrophic forgetting - overwriting previously learned knowledge when new information is acquired -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Filip Szatkowski , Yaoyue Zheng , Fei Yang , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński , Joost van de Weijer

Deep learning approaches achieve state-of-the-art performance for classifying radiology images, but rely on large labelled datasets that require resource-intensive annotation by specialists. Both semi-supervised learning and active learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Shafa Balaram , Cuong M. Nguyen , Ashraf Kassim , Pavitra Krishnaswamy

We propose Cartography Active Learning (CAL), a novel Active Learning (AL) algorithm that exploits the behavior of the model on individual instances during training as a proxy to find the most informative instances for labeling. CAL is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Mike Zhang , Barbara Plank

Discovering high-level causal relations from low-level data is an important and challenging problem that comes up frequently in the natural and social sciences. In a series of papers, Chalupka et al. (2015, 2016a, 2016b, 2017) develop a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-31 David Kinney , David Watson

One critical issue of zero anaphora resolution (ZAR) is the scarcity of labeled data. This study explores how effectively this problem can be alleviated by data augmentation. We adopt a state-of-the-art data augmentation method, called the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Ryuto Konno , Yuichiroh Matsubayashi , Shun Kiyono , Hiroki Ouchi , Ryo Takahashi , Kentaro Inui