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In reinforcement learning (RL), sparse rewards are a natural way to specify the task to be learned. However, most RL algorithms struggle to learn in this setting since the learning signal is mostly zeros. In contrast, humans are good at…

Bridging the gap between natural language commands and autonomous execution in unstructured environments remains an open challenge for robotics. This requires robots to perceive and reason over the current task scene through multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jin Wang , Kim Tien Ly , Jacques Cloete , Nikos Tsagarakis , Ioannis Havoutis

Humans practice slow thinking before performing actual actions when handling complex tasks in the physical world. This thinking paradigm, recently, has achieved remarkable advancement in boosting Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve…

We present a hierarchical framework to solve robot planning as an input control problem. At the lowest level are temporary closed control loops, ("tasks"), each representing a behaviour, contingent on a specific sensory input and therefore…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Giulia Lafratta , Bernd Porr , Christopher Chandler , Alice Miller

The popularity of mobile robots has been steadily growing, with these robots being increasingly utilized to execute tasks previously completed by human workers. For bipedal robots to see this same success, robust autonomous navigation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Octavian A. Donca , Chayapol Beokhaimook , Ayonga Hereid

Robust closed-loop locomotion remains challenging for soft quadruped robots due to high-dimensional dynamics, actuator hysteresis, and difficult-to-model contact interactions, while conventional proprioception provides limited information…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Storm de Kam , Ebrahim Shahabi , Cosimo Della Santina

Socially aware robot navigation is a planning paradigm where the robot navigates in human environments and tries to adhere to social constraints while interacting with the humans in the scene. These navigation strategies were further…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hariharan Arunachalam , Phani Teja Singamaneni , Rachid Alami

End-to-end robot policies achieve high performance through neural networks trained via reinforcement learning (RL). Yet, their black box nature and abstract reasoning pose challenges for human-robot interaction (HRI), because humans may…

The objective of this work is to expand upon previous works, considering socially acceptable behaviours within robot navigation and interaction, and allow a robot to closely approach static and dynamic individuals or groups. The space…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Ricarte Ribeiro , Plinio Moreno

Human-in-the-loop aims to train an accurate prediction model with minimum cost by integrating human knowledge and experience. Humans can provide training data for machine learning applications and directly accomplish tasks that are hard for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Xingjiao Wu , Luwei Xiao , Yixuan Sun , Junhang Zhang , Tianlong Ma , Liang He

This paper presents an approach for autonomous docking of a fully actuated autonomous surface vessel using expert demonstration data. We frame the docking problem as an imitation learning task and employ inverse reinforcement learning (IRL)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Akash Vijayakumar , Atmanand M A , Abhilash Somayajula

Robotic navigation concerns the task in which a robot should be able to find a safe and feasible path and traverse between two points in a complex environment. We approach the problem of robotic navigation using reinforcement learning and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Muhammad Usama , Dong Eui Chang

Recent advances in the field of machine learning have led to new ways for mobile robots to acquire advanced navigational capabilities. However, these learning-based methods raise the possibility that learned navigation behaviors may not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Haresh Karnan

Socially aware navigation is a fast-evolving research area in robotics that enables robots to move within human environments while adhering to the implicit human social norms. The advent of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has accelerated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ibrahim Khalil Kabir , Muhammad Faizan Mysorewala

To ensure user acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs), control systems are being developed to mimic human drivers from demonstrations of desired driving behaviors. Imitation learning (IL) algorithms serve this purpose, but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Jan Swevers , Tinne Tuytelaars , Tong Duy Son

Human decision-making heavily relies on active sensing, a well-documented cognitive behaviour for evidence gathering to accommodate ever-changing environments. However, its operational mechanism in the real world remains non-trivial.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hongliang Lu , Yunmeng Liu , Junjie Yang

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving methods still struggle to make correct decisions in interactive closed-loop evaluation due to limited causal reasoning capability. Current methods attempt to leverage the powerful understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haoyu Fu , Diankun Zhang , Zongchuang Zhao , Jianfeng Cui , Dingkang Liang , Chong Zhang , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

End-to-end autonomous driving systems are increasingly integrating Vision-Language Model (VLM) architectures, incorporating text reasoning or visual reasoning to enhance the robustness and accuracy of driving decisions. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingjun Zhang , Changjie Wu , Linzhe Shi , Jiangyang Li , Jiaxin Liu , Lei Yang , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Hong Wang

Service and assistive robots are increasingly being deployed in dynamic social environments; however, ensuring transparent and explainable interactions remains a significant challenge. This paper presents a multimodal explainability module…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Oluwadamilola Sotomi , Devika Kodi , Aliasghar Arab

Learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL), have indicated superiority over rule-based approaches in complex urban autonomous driving environments, showing great potential to make intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv