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A novel form of inference attack in vertical federated learning (VFL) is proposed, where two parties collaborate in training a machine learning (ML) model. Logistic regression is considered for the VFL model. One party, referred to as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Morteza Varasteh

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) enables collaborative model training across organizations that share common user samples but hold disjoint feature spaces. Despite its potential, VFL is susceptible to feature inference attacks, in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sindhuja Madabushi , Ahmad Faraz Khan , Haider Ali , Ananthram Swami , Rui Ning , Hongyi Wu , Jin-Hee Cho

Vertical federated learning (VFL) allows an active party with a top model, and multiple passive parties with bottom models to collaborate. In this scenario, passive parties possessing only features may attempt to infer active party's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yige Liu , Dexuan Xu , Zimai Guo , Yongzhi Cao , Hanpin Wang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm for facilitating multiple organizations' data collaboration without revealing their private data to each other. Recently, vertical FL, where the participating organizations hold the same set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Xinjian Luo , Yuncheng Wu , Xiaokui Xiao , Beng Chin Ooi

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning approach where clients train models locally and share model updates to develop a global model. This enables low-resource devices to collaboratively build a high-quality model without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Qingqing Ye , Haoyang Li , Leixia Wang , Jianliang Xu

Vertical federated learning (VFL) allows an active party with labeled feature to leverage auxiliary features from the passive parties to improve model performance. Concerns about the private feature and label leakage in both the training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Hanlin Gu , Jiahuan Luo , Yan Kang , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is widely utilized in real-world applications to enable collaborative learning while protecting data privacy and safety. However, previous works show that parties without labels (passive parties) in VFL can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Tianyuan Zou , Yang Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is a federated learning paradigm where multiple participants, who share the same set of samples but hold different features, jointly train machine learning models. Although VFL enables collaborative machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lei Yu , Meng Han , Yiming Li , Changting Lin , Yao Zhang , Mingyang Zhang , Yan Liu , Haiqin Weng , Yuseok Jeon , Ka-Ho Chow , Stacy Patterson

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving learning paradigm that allows multiple parities to jointly train a powerful machine learning model without sharing their private data. According to the form of collaboration, FL can be further…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Haiqin Weng , Juntao Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Feng Xue , Tao Wei , Shouling Ji , Zhiyuan Zong

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) facilitates collaborative machine learning without the need for participants to share raw private data. However, recent studies have revealed privacy risks where adversaries might reconstruct sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Jirui Yang , Peng Chen , Zhihui Lu , Qiang Duan , Yubing Bao

In cross-device federated learning (FL) setting, clients such as mobiles cooperate with the server to train a global machine learning model, while maintaining their data locally. However, recent work shows that client's private information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Oualid Zari , Chuan Xu , Giovanni Neglia

Federated learning enables collaborative training of machine learning models by keeping the raw data of the involved workers private. Three of its main objectives are to improve the models' privacy, security, and scalability. Vertical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Marco Arazzi , Mauro Conti , Stefanos Koffas , Marina Krcek , Antonino Nocera , Stjepan Picek , Jing Xu

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their data; rather, they train their own model locally and send updates to a central server for aggregation. Depending on how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Mohammad Naseri , Yufei Han , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Federated learning (FL) is vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where adversaries alter model behavior on target classification labels by embedding triggers into data samples. While these attacks have received considerable attention in…

Vertical federated learning (VFL) enables multiple parties with disjoint features to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data. While privacy vulnerabilities of VFL are extensively-studied, its security threats-particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Juntao Tan , Anran Li , Quanchao Liu , Peng Ran , Lan Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has increasingly been deployed, in its vertical form, among organizations to facilitate secure collaborative training over siloed data. In vertical FL (VFL), participants hold disjoint features of the same set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Peng Ye , Zhifeng Jiang , Wei Wang , Bo Li , Baochun Li

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is a category of Federated Learning in which models are trained collaboratively among parties with vertically partitioned data. Typically, in a VFL scenario, the labels of the samples are kept private from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Marco Arazzi , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera

Vertical federated learning (VFL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that can learn models from features distributed on different platforms in a privacy-preserving way. Since in real-world applications the data may contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Tao Qi , Fangzhao Wu , Chuhan Wu , Lingjuan Lyu , Tong Xu , Zhongliang Yang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

As a crucial building block in vertical Federated Learning (vFL), Split Learning (SL) has demonstrated its practice in the two-party model training collaboration, where one party holds the features of data samples and another party holds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Shangyu Xie , Xin Yang , Yuanshun Yao , Tianyi Liu , Taiqing Wang , Jiankai Sun

Real-world data is usually segmented by attributes and distributed across different parties. Federated learning empowers collaborative training without exposing local data or models. As we demonstrate through designed attacks, even with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Shuang Zhang , Liyao Xiang , Xi Yu , Pengzhi Chu , Yingqi Chen , Chen Cen , Li Wang
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