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The classical simulation of quantum circuits is of central importance for benchmarking near-term quantum devices. The fact that gates belonging to the Clifford group can be simulated efficiently on classical computers has motivated a range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tomislav Begušić , Kasra Hejazi , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Quantum chemistry calculations are important applications of quantum annealing. For practical applications in quantum chemistry, it is essential to estimate a ground state energy of the Hamiltonian with chemical accuracy. However, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-11 Takashi Imoto , Yuya Seki , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Shiro Kawabata

Adaptive quantum circuits enhance flexibility and efficiency over traditional static circuits by dynamically adjusting their structure and parameters in real-time based on intermediate measurement outcomes. This paper introduces a novel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Waldemir Cambiucci , Regina Melo Silveira , Wilson Vicente Ruggiero

In this work, an analysis of the performance of different Variational Quantum Circuits is presented, investigating how it changes with respect to entanglement topology, adopted gates, and Quantum Machine Learning tasks to be performed. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Marco Mordacci , Michele Amoretti

Decision diagrams (DDs) have emerged as an efficient tool for simulating quantum circuits due to their capacity to exploit data redundancies in quantum states and quantum operations, enabling the efficient computation of probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Vladimir Vargas-Calderón , Santiago Acevedo-Mancera , Herbert Vinck-Posada

Calculating the energy gradient in parameter space has become an almost ubiquitous subroutine of variational near-term quantum algorithms. "Faithful" classical emulation of this subroutine mimics its quantum evaluation, and scales as O(P^2)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 Tyson Jones , Julien Gacon

Efficiently calculating the low-lying eigenvalues of Hamiltonians, written as sums of Pauli operators, is a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. While various methods have been proposed to reduce the complexity of quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

While Clifford operations are relatively easy to implement in fault-tolerant quantum computers,continuous rotation gates remain a significant bottleneck in typical quantum algorithms. In this work, we ask the question: "What is the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zhu Sun , Balint Koczor

Variational quantum algorithms that are used for quantum machine learning rely on the ability to automatically differentiate parametrized quantum circuits with respect to underlying parameters. Here, we propose the rules for differentiating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Oleksandr Kyriienko , Vincent E. Elfving

Quantum variational optimization has been posed as an alternative to solve optimization problems faster and at a larger scale than what classical methods allow. In this paper we study systematically the role of entanglement, the structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-30 Pablo Díez-Valle , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged in recent years as a promise to obtain quantum advantage. These task-oriented algorithms work in a hybrid loop combining a quantum processor and classical optimization. Using a specific…

Quantum optimization algorithms offer a promising route to finding the ground states of target Hamiltonians on near-term quantum devices. None the less, it remains necessary to limit the evolution time and circuit depth as much as possible,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Chenfeng Cao , Yunlong Yu , Zipeng Wu , Nic Shannon , Bei Zeng , Robert Joynt

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…

The adaptive variational quantum dynamics simulation (AVQDS) method performs real-time evolution of quantum states using automatically generated parameterized quantum circuits that often contain substantially fewer gates than Trotter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Feng Zhang , Cai-Zhuang Wang , Thomas Iadecola , Peter P. Orth , Yong-Xin Yao

We present an explicit construction of a relativistic quantum computing architecture using a variational quantum circuit approach that is shown to allow for universal quantum computing. The variational quantum circuit consists of tunable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Philip A. LeMaitre , T. Rick Perche , Marius Krumm , Hans J. Briegel

Variational quantum algorithms are promising tools for near-term quantum computers as their shallow circuits are robust to experimental imperfections. Their practical applicability, however, strongly depends on how many times their circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-13 Barnaby van Straaten , Bálint Koczor

We introduce an architecture for variational quantum algorithms that can be efficiently trained via parameter updates along exact geodesics on the Riemannian state manifold. This features a parameter-optimal circuit ansatz which supersedes…

Adaptive variational algorithms suffer from prohibitively high measurement costs during the generator selection step, since energy gradients must be estimated for a large operator pool. This scaling bottleneck limits their applicability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Rick Huang , Artur F. Izmaylov

Quantum simulation has begun to penetrate the field of quantum chemistry in hopes of efficiently calculating ground state energies and approximating real-time evolution. With modern research highlighting nonadiabatic dynamics, tunably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Joshua M. Courtney , P. C. Stancil

We present an initialisation method for variational quantum algorithms applicable to intermediate scale quantum computers. The method uses simulated annealing of the efficiently simulable Clifford parameter points as a pre-optimisation to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-05 M. H. Cheng , K. E. Khosla , C. N. Self , M. Lin , B. X. Li , A. C. Medina , M. S. Kim