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With recent improvements in natural language generation (NLG) models for various applications, it has become imperative to have the means to identify and evaluate whether NLG output is only sharing verifiable information about the external…

The design of Large Language Models and generative artificial intelligence has been shown to be "unfair" to less-spoken languages and to deepen the digital language divide. Critical sociolinguistic work has also argued that these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Verena Platzgummer , John McCrae , Sina Ahmadi

The Generative AI Ethics Playbook provides guidance for identifying and mitigating risks of machine learning systems across various domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and generative AI. This playbook aims to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jessie J. Smith , Wesley Hanwen Deng , William H. Smith , Maarten Sap , Nicole DeCario , Jesse Dodge

As large language models (LLMs) shape AI development, ensuring ethical prompt recommendations is crucial. LLMs offer innovation but risk bias, fairness issues, and accountability concerns. Traditional oversight methods struggle with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jordan Nelson , Almas Baimagambetov , Konstantinos Avgerinakis , Nikolaos Polatidis

Recent advancements in language model technology have significantly enhanced the ability to edit factual information. Yet, the modification of moral judgments, a crucial aspect of aligning models with human values, has garnered less…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Michael Ripa , Jim Davies

Generative AI, such as large language models, has undergone rapid development within recent years. As these models become increasingly available to the public, concerns arise about perpetuating and amplifying harmful biases in applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Sara Sterlie , Nina Weng , Aasa Feragen

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in research presents both opportunities and ethical challenges that should be carefully navigated. Although GenAI tools can enhance research efficiency through automation of…

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) have ethical-related problems such as social biases, lack of moral reasoning, and generation of offensive content. The existing evaluation metrics and methods to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala , Timothy Baldwin

The ingrained principles of fairness in a dialogue system's decision-making process and generated responses are crucial for user engagement, satisfaction, and task achievement. Absence of equitable and inclusive principles can hinder the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

We consider two fundamental and related issues currently faced by Artificial Intelligence (AI) development: the lack of ethics and interpretability of AI decisions. Can interpretable AI decisions help to address ethics in AI? Using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Jean-Marie John-Mathews

Large language models of artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, find remarkable but controversial applicability in science and research. This paper reviews epistemological challenges, ethical and integrity risks in science conduct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Evangelos Pournaras

This paper explores educational interactions involving humans and artificial intelligences not as sequences of prompts and responses, but as a social process of conversation and exploration. In this conception, learners continually converse…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Mike Sharples

Big models have greatly advanced AI's ability to understand, generate, and manipulate information and content, enabling numerous applications. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, their inherent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xiting Wang , Xing Xie

We present Ethics Readiness Levels (ERLs), a four-level, iterative method to track how ethical reflection is implemented in the design of AI systems. ERLs bridge high-level ethical principles and everyday engineering by turning ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Laurynas Adomaitis , Vincent Israel-Jost , Alexei Grinbaum

The application of Machine Learning techniques in code generation is now a common practice for most developers. Tools such as ChatGPT from OpenAI leverage the natural language processing capabilities of Large Language Models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

The advent of generative artificial intelligence and the widespread adoption of it in society engendered intensive debates about its ethical implications and risks. These risks often differ from those associated with traditional…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Thilo Hagendorff

This paper explores how AI-owners can develop safeguards for AI-generated content by drawing from established codes of conduct and ethical standards in other content-creation industries. It delves into the current state of ethical awareness…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jose Berengueres , Marybeth Sandell

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software engineering (SE) tools for tasks that extend beyond code synthesis, including judgment under uncertainty and reasoning in ethically significant contexts. We present a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Patrizio Migliarini , Mashal Afzal Memon , Marco Autili , Paola Inverardi

The recent release of very large language models such as PaLM and GPT-4 has made an unprecedented impact in the popular media and public consciousness, giving rise to a mixture of excitement and fear as to their capabilities and potential…

Automatic evaluation of language generation systems is a well-studied problem in Natural Language Processing. While novel metrics are proposed every year, a few popular metrics remain as the de facto metrics to evaluate tasks such as image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia