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The ambient solar wind flows and fields influence the complex propagation dynamics of coronal mass ejections in the interplanetary medium and play an essential role in shaping Earth's space weather environment. A critical scientific goal in…

The ambient solar wind conditions in interplanetary space and in the near-Earth environment are determined by activity on the Sun. Steady solar wind streams modulate the propagation behaviour of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and are…

The structure and dynamics of the magnetospheres of the outer planets, particularly Saturn and Jupiter, have been explored both through remote and in-situ observations. Interpreting these observations often necessitates simultaneous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Mathew Owens , Jonathan Nichols

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and high speed solar streams serve as perturbations to the background solar wind that have major implications in space weather dynamics. Therefore, a robust framework for accurate predictions of the background…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-28 Sandeep Kumar , Arghyadeep Paul , Bhargav Vaidya

Inspired by the concept of relativity of simultaneity used in the theory of special relativity, a new approach is proposed to simulate future solar wind conditions at any point in the inner solar system. An important distinctive feature of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Igor V. Sokolov , Tamas I. Gombosi

The physical processes in the solar corona that shape the solar wind remain an active research topic. Modeling efforts have shown that energy and plasma exchanges near the transition region plays a crucial role in modulating solar wind…

Determining the mechanisms responsible for the heating of the coronal plasma and maintaining and accelerating the solar wind are long standing goals in solar physics. There is a clear need to constrain the energy, mass and momentum flux…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-21 R. J. Morton , E. Scullion , D. S. Bloomfield , J. A. McLaughlin , S. Regnier , S. W. McIntosh , S. Tomczyk , P. Young

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based global solar coronal simulations are slowly making their way into the space weather modeling toolchains to replace the semi-empirical methods such as the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model. However, since…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-21 Michaela Brchnelova , Błażej Kuźma , Fan Zhang , Barbara Perri , Andrea Lani , Stefaan Poedts

Numerical models of the solar wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) utilize photospheric magnetic field observations to prescribe the inner boundary conditions for the plasma solutions. These magnetic field data are available to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Nishtha Sachdeva , Zhenguang Huang , Gabor Toth , Hongfan Chen , Ward B. Manchester , Bart van der Holst

We explore the capabilities of time-dependent (TD) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solar wind simulations with the coupled WSA model of the solar corona and GAMERA model of the inner heliosphere. We compare TD with steady state (SS) simulations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-26 Evangelia Samara , Elena Provornikova , C. Nick Arge , Andrew McCubbin , Viacheslav G. Merkin

An exospheric kinetic solar wind model is interfaced with an observation-driven single fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. Initially, a photospheric magnetogram serves as observational input in the fluid approach to extrapolate the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-04 Sofia-Paraskevi Moschou , Viviane Pierrard , Rony Keppens , Jens Pomoell

Studying the ambient solar wind, a continuous pressure-driven plasma flow emanating from our Sun, is an important component of space weather research. The ambient solar wind flows in interplanetary space determine how solar storms evolve…

This paper reviews the current state of our understanding of high-speed solar wind acceleration in coronal holes. Observations by SOHO, coupled with interplanetary particle measurements going back several decades, have put strong…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Steven R. Cranmer

Due to computational efficiency and numerical stability limitations, coronal simulations constrained by static magnetograms are typically performed first and then used to drive inner-heliosphere (IH) models. In this paper, we calculate the…

In the recent years, global coronal models have experienced an ongoing increase in popularity as tools for forecasting solar weather. Within the domain of up to 21.5Rsun, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is used to resolve the coronal structure…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Michaela Brchnelova , Błażej Kuźma , Barbara Perri , Andrea Lani , Stefaan Poedts

Knowledge of the electron density distribution in the solar corona put constraints on the magnetic field configurations for coronal modeling and on initial conditions for solar wind modeling. We work with polarized SOHO/LASCO-C2 images from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-15 Judith de Patoul , Claire Foullon , Pete Riley

Emanating from the base of the Sun's corona, the solar wind fills the interplanetary medium with a magnetized stream of charged particles whose interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere has space-weather consequences such as geomagnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-11 Vishal Upendran , M. C. M Cheung , Shravan Hanasoge , Ganapathi Krishnamurthi

The solar wind (SW) is a vital component of space weather, providing a background for solar transients such as coronal mass ejections, stream interaction regions, and energetic particles propagating toward Earth. Accurate prediction of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-25 Dinesha V. Hegde , Tae K. Kim , Nikolai V. Pogorelov , Shaela I. Jones , Charles N. Arge

The role of small-scale coronal eruptive phenomena in the generation and heating of the solar wind remains an open question. Here, we investigate the role played by coronal jets in forming the solar wind by testing whether temporal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Diego de Pablos , David M. Long , Christopher J. Owen , Gherardo Valori , Georgios Nicolaou , Louise K. Harra

Understanding the generation and development of the continuous outflow from the Sun requires tracing the physical conditions from deep in the corona to the heliosphere. Detailed global observations of plasma state variables and the magnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-01 Yeimy J. Rivera , Samuel T. Badman
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