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The ability of large language models to solve complex mathematical problems has progressed significantly, particularly for tasks requiring advanced reasoning. However, the scarcity of sufficiently challenging problems, particularly at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Jian Guan , Lingpeng Kong

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code generation efficiency, they face inherent challenges in balancing performance and inference costs across diverse programming tasks. Dynamically selecting the optimal LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junhang Cheng , Fang Liu , Chengru Wu , Li Zhang

Code generation remains a challenging task that requires precise and structured reasoning. Existing Test Time Scaling (TTS) methods, including structured tree search, have made progress in exploring reasoning paths but still face two major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jizheng Chen , Weiming Zhang , Xinyi Dai , Weiwen Liu , Kounianhua Du , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

The use of large language models (LLMs) for automated code generation has emerged as a significant focus within AI research. As these pretrained models continue to evolve, their ability to understand and generate complex code structures has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Nazmus Ashrafi , Salah Bouktif , Mohammed Mediani

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a significant improvement in the programming capabilities of models, attracting growing attention from researchers. Evaluating the programming capabilities of LLMs is…

Code summarization generates brief natural language description given a source code snippet, while code retrieval fetches relevant source code given a natural language query. Since both tasks aim to model the association between natural…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Jinglei Zhang , Tianxiang Hu , Xiaoyin Wang , Shikun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Copilot, are transforming software development by automating code generation and, arguably, enable rapid prototyping, support education, and boost productivity. Therefore, correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Robin Beer , Alexander Feix , Tim Guttzeit , Tamara Muras , Vincent Müller , Maurice Rauscher , Florian Schäffler , Welf Löwe

Large Language Models (LLMs) like Codex are powerful tools for performing code completion and code generation tasks as they are trained on billions of lines of code from publicly available sources. Moreover, these models are capable of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Catherine Tony , Markus Mutas , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Riccardo Scandariato

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular choice for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their versatility and ability to produce high-quality results. Specifically, they are increasingly used for automatic code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jessica López Espejel , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

Code benchmarks such as HumanEval are widely adopted to evaluate Large Language Models' (LLMs) coding capabilities. However, there is an unignorable programming language bias in existing code benchmarks -- over 95% code generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ruiyang Xu , Jialun Cao , Yaojie Lu , Ming Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Ben He , Shing-Chi Cheung , Le Sun

Recently, large language models (LLMs), especially those that are pretrained on code, have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating programs from natural language inputs in a few-shot or even zero-shot manner. Despite promising…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automated code generation but typically excel only in simpler tasks such as generating standalone code units. Real-world software development, however, often involves complex code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Ge Li , Xianjie Shi , Zhi Jin

As code generation becomes increasingly central to improving software development efficiency, modern code models are largely trained and evaluated on code with natural-language descriptions. In real projects, developers often implement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chen Liu , Qingyuan Liang , Hanwen Zhang , Zeyu Sun , Yakun Zhang , Lu Zhang

As an integral part of source code files, code comments help improve program readability and comprehension. However, developers sometimes do not comment on their program code adequately due to the incurred extra efforts, lack of relevant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Xiaotao Song , Hailong Sun , Xu Wang , Jiafei Yan

How should two language models interact to produce better code than either can alone? The conventional approach -- a reasoning model plans, a code specialist implements -- seems natural but fails: on HumanEval+, plan-then-code degrades…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jan Miller

We present Code Comparison Tuning (CCT), a simple and effective tuning method for code large language models (Code LLMs) to better handle subtle code errors. Specifically, we integrate the concept of comparison into instruction tuning, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yufan Jiang , Qiaozhi He , Xiaomin Zhuang , Zhihua Wu

Pre-trained code language models have achieved promising performance in code generation and improved the programming efficiency of human developers. However, their self-refinement capability is typically overlooked by the existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yangruibo Ding , Marcus J. Min , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in code generation. The integration of Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning can further boost their performance. However, current CoT methods often require manual writing or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Zhang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Taolue Chen

Large Language Models have achieved strong performance on reasoning tasks, solving competition-level coding and math problems. However, their scalability is limited by human-labeled datasets and the lack of large-scale, challenging coding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hanxu Hu , Xingxing Zhang , Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich , Furu Wei

As text and code resources have expanded, large-scale pre-trained models have shown promising capabilities in code generation tasks, typically employing supervised fine-tuning with problem statement-program pairs. However, increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nathanaël Beau , Benoît Crabbé
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