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Open Set Recognition (OSR) requires models not only to accurately classify known classes but also to effectively reject unknown samples. However, when unknown samples are semantically similar to known classes, inter-class overlap in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Dongdong Zhao , Ranxin Fang , Changtian Song , Zhihui Liu , Jianwen Xiang

Current state-of-the-art Wildlife classification models are trained under the closed world setting. When exposed to unknown classes, they remain overconfident in their predictions. Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to classify known classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiahao Huo , Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L. van Zyl , Fredrik Gustafsson

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) focuses on classifying samples of unseen classes with only their side semantic information presented during training. It cannot handle real-life, open-world scenarios where there are test samples of unknown classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Tianqi Li , Guansong Pang , Xiao Bai , Jin Zheng , Lei Zhou , Xin Ning

The reliance on Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based classifiers in safety-critical and real-world applications necessitates Open-Set Recognition (OSR). OSR enables the identification of input data from classes unknown during training as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nadarasar Bahavan , Sachith Seneviratne , Saman Halgamuge

Few-shot open-set recognition aims to classify both seen and novel images given only limited training data of seen classes. The challenge of this task is that the model is required not only to learn a discriminative classifier to classify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Nan Song , Chi Zhang , Guosheng Lin

Neural networks for image classification tasks assume that any given image during inference belongs to one of the training classes. This closed-set assumption is challenged in real-world applications where models may encounter inputs of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Jinsol Lee , Ghassan AlRegib

Traditional classifiers are deployed under closed-set setting, with both training and test classes belong to the same set. However, real-world applications probably face the input of unknown categories, and the model will recognize them as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

The limitations of existing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) methods lie in their confinement by the closed-environment assumption, hindering their effective and robust handling of unknown target categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Xiayang Xiao , Zhuoxuan Li , Ruyi Zhang , Jiacheng Chen , Haipeng Wang

Assuming unknown classes could be present during classification, the open set recognition (OSR) task aims to classify an instance into a known class or reject it as unknown. In this paper, we use a two-stage training strategy for the OSR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jingyun Jia , Philip K. Chan

Open set recognition (OSR) is devised to address the problem of detecting novel classes during model inference. Even in recent vision models, this remains an open issue which is receiving increasing attention. Thereby, a crucial challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiawen Xu , Odej Kao , Margret Keuper

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the field of Open-Set Recognition, which allows a classification model to identify inputs as "unknown" when it encounters an object or class not in the training set. This ability to flag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Zachary Rabin , Jim Davis , Benjamin Lewis , Matthew Scherreik

Open set recognition (OSR), aiming to simultaneously classify the seen classes and identify the unseen classes as 'unknown', is essential for reliable machine learning.The key challenge of OSR is how to reduce the empirical classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Guangyao Chen , Peixi Peng , Xiangqian Wang , Yonghong Tian

Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to identify test samples whose classes are not seen during the training process. Recently, Unified Open-set Recognition (UOSR) has been proposed to reject not only unknown samples but also known but wrongly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Jun Cen , Di Luan , Shiwei Zhang , Yixuan Pei , Yingya Zhang , Deli Zhao , Shaojie Shen , Qifeng Chen

Despite advances in image classification methods, detecting the samples not belonging to the training classes is still a challenging problem. There has been a burst of interest in this subject recently, which is called Open-Set Recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Supervised classification methods often assume the train and test data distributions are the same and that all classes in the test set are present in the training set. However, deployed classifiers often require the ability to recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Ryne Roady , Tyler L. Hayes , Ronald Kemker , Ayesha Gonzales , Christopher Kanan

As we deploy machine learning systems in the real world, a core challenge is to maintain a model that is performant even as the data shifts. Such shifts can take many forms: new classes may emerge that were absent during training, a problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shravan Chaudhari , Yoav Wald , Suchi Saria

Existing open set recognition (OSR) methods are typically designed for static scenarios, where models aim to classify known classes and identify unknown ones within fixed scopes. This deviates from the expectation that the model should…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Runqing Yang , Yimin Fu , Changyuan Wu , Zhunga Liu

Deep learning has enabled remarkable advances in scene understanding, particularly in semantic segmentation tasks. Yet, current state of the art approaches are limited to a closed set of classes, and fail when facing novel elements, also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Nicolas Marchal , Charlotte Moraldo , Roland Siegwart , Hermann Blum , Cesar Cadena , Abel Gawel

The goal for classification is to correctly assign labels to unseen samples. However, most methods misclassify samples with unseen labels and assign them to one of the known classes. Open-Set Classification (OSC) algorithms aim to maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Halil Bisgin , Andres Palechor , Mike Suter , Manuel Günther

The findings on open-set recognition (OSR) show that models trained on classification datasets are capable of detecting unknown classes not encountered during the training process. Specifically, after training, the learned representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jaewoo Park , Hojin Park , Eunju Jeong , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh