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Quantization replaces floating point arithmetic with integer arithmetic in deep neural network models, providing more efficient on-device inference with less power and memory. In this work, we propose a framework for formally verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Pei Huang , Haoze Wu , Yuting Yang , Ieva Daukantas , Min Wu , Yedi Zhang , Clark Barrett

Enabling low precision implementations of deep learning models, without considerable performance degradation, is necessary in resource and latency constrained settings. Moreover, exploiting the differences in sensitivity to quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Ignacio Hounie , Juan Elenter , Alejandro Ribeiro

Quantization offers a practical solution to deploy LLMs in resource-constraint environments. However, its impact on internal representations remains understudied, raising questions about the reliability of quantized models. In this study,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Manpreet Singh , Hassan Sajjad

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state of the art results in various tasks. The gains in performance come at the cost of a substantial increase in computation and storage requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Yoni Choukroun , Eli Kravchik , Fan Yang , Pavel Kisilev

While neural networks have advanced the frontiers in many applications, they often come at a high computational cost. Reducing the power and latency of neural network inference is key if we want to integrate modern networks into edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Markus Nagel , Marios Fournarakis , Rana Ali Amjad , Yelysei Bondarenko , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort

Neural networks are getting better accuracy with higher energy and computational cost. After quantization, the cost can be greatly saved, and the quantized models are more hardware friendly with acceptable accuracy loss. On the other hand,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Chang Song , Riya Ranjan , Hai Li

The rising performance of deep neural networks is often empirically attributed to an increase in the available computational power, which allows complex models to be trained upon large amounts of annotated data. However, increased model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Gauthier Tallec , Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Quantization is one of the core components in lossy image compression. For neural image compression, end-to-end optimization requires differentiable approximations of quantization, which can generally be grouped into three categories:…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Zongyu Guo , Zhizheng Zhang , Runsen Feng , Zhibo Chen

For efficient neural network inference, it is desirable to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy with the simplest networks requiring the least computation, memory, and power. Quantizing networks to lower precision is a powerful technique for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Deepika Bablani , Jeffrey L. Mckinstry , Steven K. Esser , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Neural network quantization procedure is the necessary step for porting of neural networks to mobile devices. Quantization allows accelerating the inference, reducing memory consumption and model size. It can be performed without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Alexander Goncharenko , Andrey Denisov , Sergey Alyamkin , Evgeny Terentev

In system analysis and design optimization, multiple computational models are typically available to represent a given physical system. These models can be broadly classified as high-fidelity models, which provide highly accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ruda Zhang , Negin Alemazkoor

We consider the problem of deep neural net compression by quantization: given a large, reference net, we want to quantize its real-valued weights using a codebook with $K$ entries so that the training loss of the quantized net is minimal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Yerlan Idelbayev

Reducing the size of neural network models is a critical step in moving AI from a cloud-centric to an edge-centric (i.e. on-device) compute paradigm. This shift from cloud to edge is motivated by a number of factors including reduced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Micah Gorsline , James Smith , Cory Merkel

Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) refer to a class of neural network models equipped with external memory (such as neural Turing machines and memory networks). These neural networks outperform conventional recurrent neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Seongsik Park , Seijoon Kim , Seil Lee , Ho Bae , Sungroh Yoon

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Quantization has become a predominant approach for model compression, enabling deployment of large models trained on GPUs onto smaller form-factor devices for inference. Quantization-aware training (QAT) optimizes model parameters with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Model uncertainty quantification involves measuring and evaluating the uncertainty linked to a model's predictions, helping assess their reliability and confidence. Noise injection is a technique used to enhance the robustness of neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-25 Xueqiong Yuan , Jipeng Li , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu

Quantization method plays a crucial role in improving model efficiency and reducing deployment costs, enabling the widespread application of deep learning models on resource-constrained devices. However, the quantization process inevitably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Boyang Zhang , Zeyu Liu , Daning Cheng

Diffusion models have recently emerged as the dominant approach in visual generation tasks. However, the lengthy denoising chains and the computationally intensive noise estimation networks hinder their applicability in low-latency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qian Zeng , Jie Song , Yuanyu Wan , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca