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A decision can be defined as fair if equal individuals are treated equally and unequals unequally. Adopting this definition, the task of designing machine learning (ML) models that mitigate unfairness in automated decision-making systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Ludwig Bothmann , Susanne Dandl , Michael Schomaker

In this work we formulate and formally characterize group fairness as a multi-objective optimization problem, where each sensitive group risk is a separate objective. We propose a fairness criterion where a classifier achieves minimax risk…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-04 Natalia Martinez , Martin Bertran , Guillermo Sapiro

As the issue of robustness in AI systems becomes vital, statistical learning techniques that are reliable even in presence of partly contaminated data have to be developed. Preference data, in the form of (complete) rankings in the simplest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Morgane Goibert , Clément Calauzènes , Ekhine Irurozki , Stéphan Clémençon

AI-driven decision-making can lead to discrimination against certain individuals or social groups based on protected characteristics/attributes such as race, gender, or age. The domain of fairness-aware machine learning focuses on methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Arjun Roy , Jan Horstmann , Eirini Ntoutsi

Individual fairness, proposed by Dwork et al., is a fairness measure that is supposed to prevent the unfair treatment of individuals on the subgroup level, and to overcome the problem that group fairness measures are susceptible to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Tim Räz

We present pairwise fairness metrics for ranking models and regression models that form analogues of statistical fairness notions such as equal opportunity, equal accuracy, and statistical parity. Our pairwise formulation supports both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Harikrishna Narasimhan , Andrew Cotter , Maya Gupta , Serena Wang

Algorithmic fairness has become a central concern in modern machine learning and AI applications. However, two pressing challenges remain: (1) The fairness guarantees of existing methods often rely on specific data distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Xiaotian Hou , Linjun Zhang

Underspecification and fairness in machine learning (ML) applications have recently become two prominent issues in the ML community. Acoustic scene classification (ASC) applications have so far remained unaffected by this discussion, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Andreas Triantafyllopoulos , Manuel Milling , Konstantinos Drossos , Björn W. Schuller

Fairness in ranking models is crucial, as disparities in exposure can disproportionately affect protected groups. Most fairness-aware ranking systems focus on ensuring comparable average exposure for groups across the entire ranked list,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Boyang Zhang , Quanqi Hu , Mingxuan Sun , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

Deep learning-based person identification and verification systems have remarkably improved in terms of accuracy in recent years; however, such systems, including widely popular cloud-based solutions, have been found to exhibit significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Ioannis Sarridis , Christos Koutlis , Symeon Papadopoulos , Christos Diou

Disaggregated performance metrics across demographic groups are a hallmark of fairness assessments in computer vision. These metrics successfully incentivized performance improvements on person-centric tasks such as face analysis and are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Melissa Hall , Bobbie Chern , Laura Gustafson , Denisse Ventura , Harshad Kulkarni , Candace Ross , Nicolas Usunier

Fairness is a growing area of machine learning (ML) that focuses on ensuring models do not produce systematically biased outcomes for specific groups, particularly those defined by protected attributes such as race, gender, or age.…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-14 Benjamin Smith , Jianhui Gao , Jessica Gronsbell

Ensuring fairness in Recommendation Systems (RSs) across demographic groups is critical due to the increased integration of RSs in applications such as personalized healthcare, finance, and e-commerce. Graph-based RSs play a crucial role in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Nimesh Agrawal , Anuj Kumar Sirohi , Jayadeva , Sandeep Kumar

In the evolving field of machine learning, ensuring group fairness has become a critical concern, prompting the development of algorithms designed to mitigate bias in decision-making processes. Group fairness refers to the principle that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Teresa Salazar , João Gama , Helder Araújo , Pedro Henriques Abreu

The presence of social biases in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Information Retrieval (IR) systems is an ongoing challenge, which underlines the importance of developing robust approaches to identifying and evaluating such biases. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Maryam Mousavian , Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Fair clustering aims to divide data into distinct clusters while preventing sensitive attributes (\textit{e.g.}, gender, race, RNA sequencing technique) from dominating the clustering. Although a number of works have been conducted and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Pengxin Zeng , Yunfan Li , Peng Hu , Dezhong Peng , Jiancheng Lv , Xi Peng

As conventional answer selection (AS) methods generally match the question with each candidate answer independently, they suffer from the lack of matching information between the question and the candidate. To address this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yingxue Zhang , Fandong Meng , Peng Li , Ping Jian , Jie Zhou

The allocation of limited resources to a large number of potential candidates presents a pervasive challenge. In the context of ranking and selecting top candidates from heteroscedastic units, conventional methods often result in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Bowen Gang , Luella Fu , Gareth James , Wenguang Sun

As an important problem in modern data analytics, classification has witnessed varieties of applications from different domains. Different from conventional classification approaches, fair classification concerns the issues of unintentional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-25 Qing Ye , Weijun Xie

Multiclass classification (MCC) is a fundamental machine learning problem of classifying each instance into one of a predefined set of classes. In the deep learning era, extensive efforts have been spent on developing more powerful neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Nan Wang , Zhen Qin , Le Yan , Honglei Zhuang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork