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Considering theoretically the transition between hydrodynamic and ballistic regimes in 2D semiconductors, we show that electrons in high-mobility 2D GaAs are by far the best system for the direct observation of collective hydrodynamic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-10-11 Seongjin Ahn , Sankar Das Sarma

The growing library of two-dimensional layered materials is providing researchers with a wealth of opportunity to explore and tune physical phenomena at the nanoscale. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical state-of-art concerning…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-23 Bálint Náfrádi , Mohammad Choucair , László Forró

Viscous electron flow exhibits exotic signatures such as superballistic conduction. In order to observe hydrodynamics effects, a 2D device where the current flow is as inhomogeneous as possible is desirable. To this end, we build three…

There is growing interest in transitioning electronic components and circuitry from stiff and rigid substrates to more flexible and stretchable platforms, such as thin plastics, textiles, and foams. In parallel, the push for more…

Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that electrons in condensed matter can behave hydrodynamically, exhibiting fluid phenomena such as Stokes flow and vortices. Unlike classical fluids, preferred directions inside crystals…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-24 Georgios Varnavides , Adam S. Jermyn , Polina Anikeeva , Claudia Felser , Prineha Narang

Our conventional understanding of optical responses in metals has been based on the Drude theory. In recent years, however, it has become possible to prepare ultrapure metallic samples where the electron-electron scattering becomes the most…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-04 Riki Toshio , Kazuaki Takasan , Norio Kawakami

We present a hydrodynamic theory for electron-hole magnetotransport in graphene incorporating carrier-population imbalance, energy, and momentum relaxation processes. We focus on the electric response and find that the carrier and energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Hong-Yi Xie , Alex Levchenko

Electron-electron interactions in high-mobility conductors can give rise to transport signatures resembling those described by classical hydrodynamics. Using a nanoscale scanning magnetometer, we imaged a distinctive hydrodynamic transport…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Marius L. Palm , Chaoxin Ding , William S. Huxter , Takashi Taniguchi , Kenji Watanabe , Christian L. Degen

Electron-electron (e-e) collisions can impact transport in a variety of surprising and sometimes counterintuitive ways. Despite strong interest, experiments on the subject proved challenging because of the simultaneous presence of different…

We introduce the idea that the electronic band structure of a charge density wave system may mimic the electronic structure of graphene. In that case a class of materials quite different from graphene might be opened up to exploit…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 John M. Vail , Oscar J. Hernandez , Ming-Su Si , Zhoufei Wang

We provide a broad review of fundamental electronic properties of two-dimensional graphene with the emphasis on density and temperature dependent carrier transport in doped or gated graphene structures. A salient feature of our review is a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 S. Das Sarma , Shaffique Adam , E. H. Hwang , Enrico Rossi

The discovery of unusual heat conduction properties of graphene has led to a surge of theoretical and experimental studies of phonon transport in two-dimensional material systems. The rapidly developing graphene thermal field spans from…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-02-01 Denis L. Nika , Alexander A. Balandin

Fluid dynamics is one of the cornerstones of modern physics and has recently found applications in the transport of electrons in solids. In most solids electron transport is dominated by extrinsic factors, such as sample geometry and…

We derive the system of hydrodynamic equations governing the collective motion of massless fermions in graphene. The obtained equations demonstrate the lack of Galilean- and Lorentz invariance, and contain a variety of nonlinear terms due…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-09-01 D. Svintsov , V. Vyurkov , V. Ryzhii , T. Otsuji

We study non-linear dc transport in graphene using a hydrodynamic approach and conclude that in clean samples the drift velocity saturates at a weakly density-dependent value v_{sat} ~ 10^7 cm/s. We show that saturation results from the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Bistritzer , A. H. MacDonald

Metamaterials provide exceptional control over physical phenomena, enabling many disruptive technologies. However, researches in hydrodynamic meta-devices have mainly used intrusive methods to manipulate material structures, limited by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-01 Chen-Long Wu , Bin Wang , Hao Wang , Neng-Zhi Yao , Liujun Xu , Xuesheng Wang , Jiping Huang

Dynamic processes in dispersions of charged spherical particles are of importance both in fundamental science, and in technical and bio-medical applications. There exists a large variety of charged-particles systems, ranging from…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-11-25 G. Nägele , M. Heinen , A. J. Banchio , C. Contreras-Aburto

Graphene is a novel two-dimensional material with fascinating electrodynamic properties like the ability to support collective electron oscillations (plasmons) accompanied by tight confinement of electromagnetic fields. Our goal is to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-15 Marinko Jablan

In metallic samples of small enough size and sufficiently strong momentum-conserving scattering, the viscosity of the electron gas can become the dominant process governing transport. In this regime, momentum is a long-lived quantity whose…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-07 Thomas Scaffidi , Nabhanila Nandi , Burkhard Schmidt , Andrew P. Mackenzie , Joel E. Moore

The concept of fluidic viscosity is ubiquitous in our everyday life and for it to arise the fluidic medium must necessarily form a continuum where macroscopic properties can emerge. While a powerful concept for tangible liquids,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Sujatha Vijayakrishnan , Z. Berkson-Korenberg , J. Mainville , L. W. Engel , M. P. Lilly , K. W. West , L. N. Pfeiffer , G. Gervais