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A well-studied concept is that of the total chromatic number. A proper total colouring of a graph is a colouring of both vertices and edges so that every pair of adjacent vertices receive different colours, every pair of adjacent edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-14 Tom Coker , Karen Johannson

The local chromatic number is a coloring parameter defined as the minimum number of colors that should appear in the most colorful closed neighborhood of a vertex under any proper coloring of the graph. Its directed version is the same when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-03 Gábor Simonyi , Gábor Tardos , Ambrus Zsbán

We define a $P$-compelling coloring as a proper coloring of the vertices of a graph such that every subset consisting of one vertex of each color has property $P$. The $P$-compelling chromatic number is the minimum number of colors in such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Anna Bachstein , Wayne Goddard , Michael A. Henning , John Xue

A domination coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring of $G$ such that each vertex of $G$ dominates at least one color class, and each color class is dominated by at least one vertex. The minimum number of colors among all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Yangyang Zhou , Dongyang Zhao

A linear coloring of a graph is a proper coloring of the vertices of the graph so that each pair of color classes induce a union of disjoint paths. In this paper, we prove that for every connected graph with maximum degree at most three and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Chun-Hung Liu , Gexin Yu

We prove that every digraph has a vertex 4-colouring such that for each vertex $v$, at most half the out-neighbours of $v$ receive the same colour as $v$. We then obtain several results related to the conjecture obtained by replacing 4 by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Stephan Kreutzer , Sang-il Oum , Paul Seymour , Dominic van der Zypen , David R. Wood

Vertex coloring and multicoloring of graphs are a well known subject in graph theory, as well as their applications. In vertex multicoloring, each vertex is assigned some subset of a given set of colors. Here we propose a new kind of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Tanja Vojković , Damir Vukičević , Vinko Zlatić

Consider a graph whose vertices are colored in one of two colors, say black or white. A white vertex is called integrated if it has at least as many black neighbors as white neighbors, and similarly for a black vertex. The coloring as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Charles Burnette , Broden Caton , Olivia Coward , Julian Davis , Austin Teter

Consider a coloring of a graph such that each vertex is assigned a fraction of each color, with the total amount of colors at each vertex summing to $1$. We define the fractional defect of a vertex $v$ to be the sum of the overlaps with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Wayne Goddard , Honghai Xu

A graph is k-total colourable if there is an assignment of k different colours to the vertices and edges of the graph such that no two adjacent nor incident elements receive the same colour. The total chromatic number of some direct product…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Jeannette Janssen , Kyle MacKeigan

A mixed graph is, informally, an object obtained from a simple undirected graph by choosing an orientation for a subset of its edges. A mixed graph is $(m, n)$-coloured if each edge is assigned one of $m \geq 0$ colours, and each arc is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Gary MacGillivray , Shahla Nasserasr , Feiran Yang

A b-coloring of a graph is a coloring of its vertices such that every color class contains a vertex that has a neighbor in all other classes. The b-chromatic number of a graph is the largest integer k such that the graph has a b-coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-21 Victor Campos , Victor Farias , Ana Silva

In graph coloring problems, the goal is to assign a positive integer color to each vertex of an input graph such that adjacent vertices do not receive the same color assignment. For classic graph coloring, the goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Joan Boyar , Leah Epstein , Lene M. Favrholdt , Kim S. Larsen , Asaf Levin

A total dominator coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of G in which each vertex of the graph is adjacent to every vertex of some color class. The total dominator chromatic number of a graph is the minimum number of color classes in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Farshad Kazemnejad , Behnaz Pahlavsay , Elisa Palezzato , Michele Torielli

A vertex coloring of a given simple graph $G=(V,E)$ with $k$ colors ($k$-coloring) is a map from its vertex set to the set of integers $\{1,2,3,\dots, k\}$. A coloring is called perfect if the multiset of colors appearing on the neighbours…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-29 O. G. Parshina , M. A. Lisitsyna

We define a method for edge coloring signed graphs and what it means for such a coloring to be proper. Our method has many desirable properties: it specializes to the usual notion of edge coloring when the signed graph is all-negative, it…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Richard Behr

The smallest integer $k$ needed for the assignment of colors to the elements so that the coloring is proper (vertices and edges) is called the total chromatic number of a graph. Vizing and Behzed conjectured that the total coloring can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Geetha Jayabalan , Narayanan N , K Somasundaram

A proper $k$-coloring of vertices of an $n$-vertex graph is equitable if the size of every color class is $\lfloor n/k\rfloor$ or $\lceil n/k\rceil$. An extension of it to list coloring requires only that the size of every color class is at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

A majority digraph is a finite simple digraph $G=(V,\to)$ such that there exist finite sets $A_v$ for the vertices $v\in V$ with the following property: $u\to v$ if and only if "more than half of the $A_u$ are $A_v$". That is, $u\to v$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Tri Lai , Jörg Endrullis , Lawrence S. Moss

This paper investigates the semi-streaming complexity of \textit{$k$-partial coloring}, a generalization of proper graph coloring. For $k \geq 1$, a $k$-partial coloring requires that each vertex $v$ in an $n$-node graph is assigned a color…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Avinandan Das