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Deep learning-based AI models have been extensively applied in genomics, achieving remarkable success across diverse applications. As these models gain prominence, there exists an urgent need for interpretability methods to establish…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-16 Chenyu Wang , Chaoying Zuo , Zihan Su , Yuhang Xing , Lu Li , Maojun Wang , Zeyu Zhang

Deep networks have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, yet getting a global concept-level understanding of how they function remains a key challenge. Many post-hoc concept-based approaches have been introduced to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amin Parchami-Araghi , Sukrut Rao , Jonas Fischer , Bernt Schiele

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in many data-driven and prediction-oriented applications, and sometimes even perform better than humans. However, their most significant drawback is the lack of interpretability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Jiahui Li , Kun Kuang , Lin Li , Long Chen , Songyang Zhang , Jian Shao , Jun Xiao

In-context learning (ICL) enables multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to classify images from a few labelled examples. Yet, how these models use the provided context remains opaque. While Chain-of-Thought prompting is widely used,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Carmen Quiles-Ramírez , Leticia L. Rodríguez , Nicolás Martorell , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

The main objective of explanations is to transmit knowledge to humans. This work proposes to construct informative explanations for predictions made from machine learning models. Motivated by the observations from social sciences, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Freddy Lecue , Jiewen Wu

Model interpretability plays a central role in human-AI decision-making systems. Ideally, explanations should be expressed using human-interpretable semantic concepts. Moreover, the causal relations between these concepts should be captured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Ricardo Moreira , Jacopo Bono , Mário Cardoso , Pedro Saleiro , Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Pedro Bizarro

Numerous approaches have been recently proposed for learning fair representations that mitigate unfair outcomes in prediction tasks. A key motivation for these methods is that the representations can be used by third parties with unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tianhao Wang , Zana Buçinca , Zilin Ma

In many scenarios, human decisions are explained based on some high-level concepts. In this work, we take a step in the interpretability of neural networks by examining their internal representation or neuron's activations against concepts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Mohammad Nokhbeh Zaeem , Majid Komeili

Language models exhibit an emergent ability to learn a new task from a small number of input-output demonstrations. However, recent work shows that in-context learners largely rely on their pre-trained knowledge, such as the sentiment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Michal Štefánik , Marek Kadlčík

Explanation methods in Interpretable NLP often explain the model's decision by extracting evidence (rationale) from the input texts supporting the decision. Benchmark datasets for rationales have been released to evaluate how good the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Self-supervised models create representation spaces that lack clear semantic meaning. This interpretability problem of representations makes traditional explainability methods ineffective in this context. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yavuz Yarici , Kiran Kokilepersaud , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide a basis for semantic abstractions within a neural network architecture. Such models have primarily been seen through the lens of interpretability so far, wherein they offer transparency by inferring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Deepika SN Vemuri , Gautham Bellamkonda , Aditya Pola , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Deep learning has advanced NLP, but interpretability remains limited, especially in healthcare and finance. Concept bottleneck models tie predictions to human concepts in vision, but NLP versions either use binary activations that harm text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yibo Yang

Neural networks deliver impressive predictive performance across a variety of tasks, but they are often opaque in their decision-making processes. Despite a growing interest in mechanistic interpretability, tools for systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ricardo Knauer , Andre Beinrucker , Erik Rodner

We introduce a dataset of concept learning tasks that helps uncover implicit biases in large language models. Using in-context concept learning experiments, we found that language models may have a bias toward upward monotonicity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Leroy Z. Wang

Concept-based Models are neural networks that learn a concept extractor to map inputs to high-level concepts and an inference layer to translate these into predictions. Ensuring these modules produce interpretable concepts and behave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Samuele Bortolotti , Emanuele Marconato , Paolo Morettin , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

Generative concept representations have three major advantages over discriminative ones: they can represent uncertainty, they support integration of learning and reasoning, and they are good for unsupervised and semi-supervised learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Daniel T. Chang

Neural network models trained on text data have been found to encode undesirable linguistic or sensitive concepts in their representation. Removing such concepts is non-trivial because of a complex relationship between the concept, text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Abhinav Kumar , Chenhao Tan , Amit Sharma

The importance of explainability in machine learning continues to grow, as both neural-network architectures and the data they model become increasingly complex. Unique challenges arise when a model's input features become high dimensional:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Damien de Mijolla , Christopher Frye , Markus Kunesch , John Mansir , Ilya Feige

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Wojciech Samek , Thomas Wiegand , Klaus-Robert Müller