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Ultraluminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in nearby galaxies shine brighter than any X-ray source in our Galaxy. ULXs are usually modeled as stellar-mass black holes (BHs) accreting at very high rates or intermediate-mass BHs. We present…

The luminosity range at and just below the 10^39 erg/s cut-off for defining ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is a little-explored regime. It none-the-less hosts a large number of X-ray sources, and has great potential for improving our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-03 Hannah M. Earnshaw , Timothy P. Roberts

Since their discovery, Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have attracted attention due to their combination of extreme luminosities and extra-nuclear locations. However, they are a fairly rare phenomenon, and attempts to investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 D. J. Walton , J. C. Gladstone , T. P. Roberts , A. C. Fabian

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are accreting black holes that may contain the missing population of intermediate mass black holes or reflect super-Eddington accretion physics. Ten years of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of ULXs,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Hua Feng , Roberto Soria

NGC 925 ULX-1 and ULX-2 are two ultraluminous X-ray sources in the galaxy NGC 925, at a distance of 8.5 Mpc. For the first time, we analyzed high quality, simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data of both sources. Although at a first glance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-18 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , S. Mereghetti , A. Wolter , G. Rodríguez , G. L. Israel , P. Esposito , S. Paiano , G. Trinchieri , P. Ochner

Ultra-luminous X-Ray Objects are off-nucleus point sources with $L_X=10^{39}$-$10^{41}$ erg/s but the nature of such systems are largely unidentified. Here we report a 2.1 hour period observed in a Chandra ACIS observation for ULX M51 X-7,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ji-Feng Liu , Joel N. Bregman , Jimmy Irwin , Patrick Seitzer

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are the most extreme members of the X-ray binary population, exhibiting X-ray luminosities that can surpass the 10^39 erg/s threshold (by orders of magnitude). They are mainly seen in external galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-02 Ciro Pinto , Dominic J. Walton

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright extragalactic sources with X-ray luminosities above 10^39 erg/s powered by accretion onto compact objects. According to the first studies performed with XMM-Newton ULXs seemed to be excellent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 Ciro Pinto , Andrew Fabian , Matthew Middleton , Dom Walton

The origin of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) in external galaxies whose X-ray luminosities exceed those of the brightest black holes in our Galaxy by hundreds and thousands of times is mysterious. The most popular models for the ULXs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-21 S. Fabrika

We report new detections of the two transient ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in NGC 5128 from an ongoing series of Chandra observations. Both sources have previously been observed Lx (2-3)E39 erg/s, at the lower end of the ULX…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are mostly extragalactic non-nuclear point sources having X-ray luminosity exceeding the Eddington luminosity of 10 $M_\odot$ black hole i.e., $L_X \geq $ 10$^{39}$ erg ~s$^{-1}$. They are observed in all…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-08 C. M. Sariga , P. Shalima , D. Bhattacharya , Vivek K. Agrawal

We present results obtained from two broadband X-ray observations of the extreme ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC5907 ULX1, known to have a peak X-ray luminosity of ~5e40 erg/s. These XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, separated by…

X-ray observations have revealed in other galaxies a class of extra-nuclear X-ray point sources with X-ray luminosities of $10^{39}$--$10^{41}$ erg/sec, exceeding the Eddington luminosity for stellar mass X-ray binaries. These…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ji-Feng Liu , Joel N. Bregman

A fraction of the Ultra Luminous X-ray (ULX) sources are known to be accreting neutron stars as they show coherent X-ray pulsations with pulse periods ranging from ~1-30 seconds. While initially thought to host intermediate-mass black…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-22 Manish Kumar , Rahul Sharma , Biswajit Paul , Vikram Rana

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to include different physical types of objects. We discuss some possible subclasses, reviewing the properties of a sample of ULXs recently observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton. Sources with an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roberto Soria , Mark Cropper , Christian Motch

The extreme extragalactic sources known as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULX) represent a unique testing environment for compact objects population studies and the accretion process. Their nature has long been disputed. Their luminosity,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-18 Matteo Bachetti

A sub-set of the brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), with X-ray luminosities well above $10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$, typically have energy spectra which can be well described as hard power-laws, and short-term variability in excess of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-06 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , A. D. Sutton , T. P. Roberts , M. J. Middleton , J. C. Gladstone

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent an extreme class of accreting compact objects: from the identification of some of the accretors as neutron stars to the detection of powerful winds travelling at 0.1-0.2 c, the increasing…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent a class of binary systems that are more luminous than any black hole in our Galaxy. The nature of these objects remained unclear for a long time. The most popular models for the ULXs involve…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-07 Kirill Atapin