Related papers: Gravitational potential energy of a multi-componen…
Due to the gas rich environments of early circumstellar disks, the gravitational collapse of cool, dense regions of the disk form fragments largely composed of gas. During formation, disk fragments may attain increased metallicities as they…
Static observers remain on Killing-vector world lines and measure the rest-mass+kinetic energies of particles moving past them, and the flux of that mechanical energy through space and time. The total mechanical energy is the total flux…
A dynamically preferred quasi-local definition of gravitational energy is given in terms of the Hamiltonian of a `2+2' formulation of general relativity. The energy is well-defined for any compact orientable spatial 2-surface, and depends…
A modern approach to the evolution of a mixed (stars and gas) self-gravitating system is the fully Lagrangian particle approach. The gaseous (particle) phase differs from the compact because the mutual force is given by the sum of gravity…
In this fourth article on weighing the Galactic disk using the shape of the phase-space spiral, we have tested our method on a billion particle three-dimensional N-body simulation, comprised of a Milky Way like host galaxy and a merging…
We extend the work of Yen et al. (2012) and develop 2nd order formulae to accommodate a nested grid discretization for the direct self-gravitational force calculation for infinitesimally thin gaseous disks. This approach uses a…
The local character of self-gravity along with the number of spatial dimensions are critical issues when computing the potential and forces inside massive systems like stars and disks. This appears from the discretisation scale where each…
The gravitational potential of the Milky Way encodes information about the distribution of all matter -- including dark matter -- throughout the Galaxy. Gaia data release 3 has revealed a complex structure that necessitates flexible models…
The self-gravitational correction to a localized spherically-symmetric static energy distribution is obtained from energetically self-consistent upgraded Newtonian gravitational theory. The result is a gravitational redshift factor that is…
Modern extragalactic molecular gas surveys now reach the scales of star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs, 20-50 pc). Systematic variations in GMC properties with galaxy environment imply that clouds are not universally self-gravitating…
We apply the principle of energy conservation to the motion of the test particle in gravitational field by requiring that its energy, gained by gravitation, has to be balanced by decrease of its rest mass. Due to the change of mass in…
In this article, the energy density of plane gravitational wave is studied by using Einstein and M{\o}ller's prescription of energy-momentum pseudotensors. The linearly polarized plan gravitational wave solution of Einstein field equation,…
We consider the most commonly occurring circumstances which apply to galaxies, namely membership in galaxy groups of about $10^{13}h^{-1} M_\odot$ total mass, and estimate the accompanying physical conditions of intergalactic medium (IGM)…
We present a method to constrain the potential of the non-axisymmetric components of the Galaxy using the kinematics of stars in the solar neighborhood. The basic premise is that dynamical substructures in phase-space (i.e. due to the bar…
We present results on the heating of the inter-cluster medium (ICM) by gravitational potential energy from in-falling satellites. We calculate the available excess energy of baryons once they are stripped from their satellite and added to…
We present a formulation for potential-density pairs to describe axisymmetric galaxies in the Newtonian limit of scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The scalar field is described by a modified Helmholtz equation with a source that is coupled…
We study the vertical density distribution of stars and gas (HI and H_2) in a galactic disk which is embedded in a dark matter halo. The new feature of this work is the inclusion of gas, and the gravitational coupling between stars and gas,…
There are well-known problems associated with the idea of (local) gravitational energy in general relativity. We offer a new perspective on those problems by comparison with Newtonian gravitation, and particularly geometrized Newtonian…
This paper studies the main features of the dynamics around a massive annular disk. The first part addresses the difficulties finding an appropriated expression of the gravitational potential of a massive disk, which will be used to define…
The equilibrium state of a turbulent clumpy gas disk is analytically investigated. The disk consists of distinct self-gravitating clouds. Gravitational cloud-cloud interactions transfer energy over spatial scales and produce a viscosity,…