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In this paper, we explore quantum speedups for the problem, inspired by matroid theory, of identifying a pair of $n$-bit binary strings that are promised to have the same number of 1s and differ in exactly two bits, by using the max inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Xiaowei Huang , Shihao Zhang , Lvzhou Li

Machine-learning tasks frequently involve problems of manipulating and classifying large numbers of vectors in high-dimensional spaces. Classical algorithms for solving such problems typically take time polynomial in the number of vectors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-06 Seth Lloyd , Masoud Mohseni , Patrick Rebentrost

A (k,n)-threshold secret-sharing scheme allows for a string to be split into n shares in such a way that any subset of at least k shares suffices to recover the secret string, but such that any subset of at most k-1 shares contains no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Yingkai Ouyang , Si-Hui Tan , Liming Zhao , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Learning in games has emerged as a powerful tool for machine learning with numerous applications. Quantum games model interactions between strategic players who have access to quantum resources, and several recent works have studied…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Wayne Lin , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Strategy card game is a well-known genre that is demanding on the intelligent game-play and can be an ideal test-bench for AI. Previous work combines an end-to-end policy function and an optimistic smooth fictitious play, which shows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Changnan Xiao , Yongxin Zhang , Xuefeng Huang , Qinhan Huang , Jie Chen , Peng Sun

With reference to a search in a database of size N, Grover states: "What is the reason that one would expect that a quantum mechanical scheme could accomplish the search in O(square root of N) steps? It would be insightful to have a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Giuseppe Castagnoli

We give a concise and self-contained introduction to the theory of Quantum Games by reviewing the seminal works of Meyer, Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein, Marinatto-Weber and Landsburg, which initiated the study of this field. By generalizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Sowmitra Das

We consider a computing system where a master processor assigns tasks for execution to worker processors through the Internet. We model the workers decision of whether to comply (compute the task) or not (return a bogus result to save the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-25 Antonio Fernández Anta , Chryssis Georgiou , Miguel A. Mosteiro , Daniel Pareja

The Mermin-Peres magic square game is a cooperative two-player nonlocal game in which shared quantum entanglement allows the players to win with certainty, while players limited to classical operations cannot do so, a phenomenon dubbed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-19 Alex Arkhipov

In addressing the challenge of exponential scaling with the number of agents we adopt a cluster-based representation to approximately solve asymmetric games of very many players. A cluster groups together agents with a similar "strategic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Sevan G. Ficici , David C. Parkes , Avi Pfeffer

We consider an n-player symmetric stochastic game with weak interaction between the players. Time is continuous and the horizon and the number of states are finite. We show that the value function of each of the players can be approximated…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-13 Erhan Bayraktar , Asaf Cohen

In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Laura Piispanen , Marcel Pfaffhauser , James Wootton , Julian Togelius , Annakaisa Kultima

In a recent work on quantum state preparation, S{\o}rensen and colleagues explore the possibility of using video games to help design quantum control protocols. The authors present a game called "Quantum Moves" in which gamers have to move…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-24 Dries Sels

This paper examines multiplayer symmetric constant-sum games with more than two players in a competitive setting, including examples like Mahjong, Poker, and various board and video games. In contrast to two-player zero-sum games,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Ge , Yuanhao Wang , Wenzhe Li , Chi Jin

Games with unawareness model strategic situations in which players' perceptions about the game are limited. They take into account the fact that the players may be unaware of some of the strategies available to them or their opponents as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Piotr Frackiewicz

With a vast domain of applications and now having quantum computing hardware available for commercial use, an education challenge arises in getting people of various background to become quantum literate. Quantum Odyssey is a new piece of…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-06-15 Laurentiu Nita , Nicholas Chancellor , Laura Mazzoli Smith , Helen Cramman , Gulsah Dost

In this paper we experiment with a 2-player strategy board game where playing models are evolved using reinforcement learning and neural networks. The models are evolved to speed up automatic game development based on human involvement at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dimitris Kalles

We demonstrate a multipartite protocol to securely distribute and reconstruct a quantum state. A secret quantum state is encoded into a tripartite entangled state and distributed to three players. Any two of the three players are able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrew M. Lance , Thomas Symul , Warwick P. Bowen , Barry C. Sanders , Ping Koy Lam

We describe a study focusing on students' and faculty members' reasoning about problems of differing cognitive complexity related to the double-slit experiment (DSE) with single particles. In the first phase of the study, students in…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-04-25 Alexandru Maries , Ryan Sayer , Chandralekha Singh

Quantum secret sharing allows each player to have classical information for secret sharing in quantum mechanical ways. In this work, we construct a class of quantum states on which players can quantumly perform secret sharing secure against…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Minjin Choi , Soojoon Lee