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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of large-scale learning, yet classical analyses rely on assumptions that can be either too strong (bounded variance) or too coarse (uniform noise). The expected smoothness (ES) condition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuta Kawamoto , Hideaki Iiduka

Langevin algorithms are gradient descent methods augmented with additive noise, and are widely used in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, optimization, and machine learning. In recent years, the non-asymptotic analysis of Langevin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yuping Zheng , Andrew Lamperski

We consider the robustness of score-based generative modeling to errors in the estimate of the score function. In particular, we show that Langevin dynamics is not robust to the L^2 errors (more generally L^p errors) in the estimate of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Daniel Yiming Cao , August Y. Chen , Karthik Sridharan , Yuchen Wu

Stochastic gradient MCMC methods, such as stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD), employ fast but noisy gradient estimates to enable large-scale posterior sampling. Although we can easily extend SGLD to distributed settings, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-16 Khaoula El Mekkaoui , Diego Mesquita , Paul Blomstedt , Samuel Kaski

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to proving the convergence of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) and the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms. The new approach is based on a concept called GSLLN (Generalized Strong Law of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar , Bhamidi Visweswara Rao , Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

Machine learning has made tremendous progress in recent years, with models matching or even surpassing humans on a series of specialized tasks. One key element behind the progress of machine learning in recent years has been the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Giorgi Nadiradze , Ilia Markov , Bapi Chatterjee , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Dan Alistarh

We study the asynchronous stochastic gradient descent algorithm for distributed training over $n$ workers which have varying computation and communication frequency over time. In this algorithm, workers compute stochastic gradients in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Anastasia Koloskova , Sebastian U. Stich , Martin Jaggi

In this paper we investigate the generalization error of gradient descent (GD) applied to an $\ell_2$-regularized OLS objective function in the linear model. Based on our analysis we develop new methodology for computationally tractable and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Thomas Stark , Lukas Steinberger

Score-based generative models have emerged as a powerful approach for sampling high-dimensional probability distributions. Despite their effectiveness, their theoretical underpinnings remain relatively underdeveloped. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Zhengjiang Lin

We show that the convergence proof of a recent algorithm called dist-EF-SGD for distributed stochastic gradient descent with communication efficiency using error-feedback of Zheng et al. (NeurIPS 2019) is problematic mathematically.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Tran Thi Phuong , Le Trieu Phong

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the simplest and most popular stochastic optimization methods. While it has already been theoretically studied for decades, the classical analysis usually required non-trivial smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Ohad Shamir , Tong Zhang

We study the Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) algorithm, which optimises a set of particles to approximate a target probability distribution $\pi\propto e^{-V}$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$. In the population limit, SVGD performs gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-05 Anna Korba , Adil Salim , Michael Arbel , Giulia Luise , Arthur Gretton

In this paper we study the problem of convergence and generalization error bound of stochastic momentum for deep learning from the perspective of regularization. To do so, we first interpret momentum as solving an $\ell_2$-regularized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ziming Zhang , Wenju Xu , Alan Sullivan

The algorithms used to train neural networks, like stochastic gradient descent (SGD), have close parallels to natural processes that navigate a high-dimensional parameter space -- for example protein folding or evolution. Our study uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shishir Adhikari , Alkan Kabakçıoğlu , Alexander Strang , Deniz Yuret , Michael Hinczewski

Acceleration is a celebrated cornerstone of convex optimization, enabling gradient-based algorithms to converge sublinearly in the condition number. A major open question is whether an analogous acceleration phenomenon is possible for…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Jason M. Altschuler , Sinho Chewi , Matthew S. Zhang

We propose a novel kinetic Langevin sampler based on a specific splitting scheme using the exact harmonic Langevin integrator. For strongly log-concave target measures, the sampler exploits a decomposition of the strongly convex potential…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-26 Katharina Schuh

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is central to simulation optimization, stochastic programming, and online M-estimation, where sampling effort is a decision variable. We study the mini-batch gradient noise as a sampling-design object.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Daniel Zantedeschi , Kumar Muthuraman

We study the estimation of the value function for continuous-time Markov diffusion processes using a single, discretely observed ergodic trajectory. Our work provides non-asymptotic statistical guarantees for the least-squares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wenlong Mou

In this paper, we consider a general stochastic optimization problem which is often at the core of supervised learning, such as deep learning and linear classification. We consider a standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-27 Lam M. Nguyen , Nam H. Nguyen , Dzung T. Phan , Jayant R. Kalagnanam , Katya Scheinberg

We study gradient descent (GD) with a constant stepsize for $\ell_2$-regularized logistic regression with linearly separable data. Classical theory suggests small stepsizes to ensure monotonic reduction of the optimization objective,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Jingfeng Wu , Pierre Marion , Peter Bartlett